The Significance of Peptides in Clinical Nutrition

Grimble, G.

doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.14.070194.002223

Cited by 98 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The concept that small peptides are absorbed in the vertebrate intestine has recently been the subject of many indepth reviews (Grimble, 1994;Daniel, 2004). However, in vivo evidence of the nutritional and metabolic significance of complete (all IDAA) peptide diets remains elusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the range of molecular sizes and difficulties in controlling their amino acid composition in requirement studies. There is evidence that tetra-and larger peptides, in the absence of pancreatic enzymes and deficiencies of brush border peptidase activity, become incapable of covering nitrogen requirements (Grimble, 1994;Daniel, 2004). Losses of IDAA during hydrolysate preparation are frequently responsible for nutritional inadequacies resulting in growth depression (Langar et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A concept of dietary dipeptides: a step to resolve the problem of amino acid availability in the early life of vertebrates

Dąbrowski

Terjesen

Zhang

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The premise that a dietary dipeptide approach will improve the understanding of amino acid utilization in the fastest-growing vertebrate, the teleost fish, was tested by examining the muscle free amino acid (FAA) pool and enzyme activities, in concert with growth response, when dietary amino acids were provided in free, dipeptide or protein molecular forms. We present the first evidence in fish that, in response to a synthetic dipeptide diet,muscle FAA varies as a result of both growth rate and amino acid availability of specific peptides. We demonstrate significantly diminished muscle indispensable FAA (3–10-fold) in rainbow trout alevins fed a dipeptide-based diet compared with a protein-based diet. The dipeptide-based diet did not contain proline, resulting in 10–27-fold less muscle free proline and hydroxyproline in alevins. The response of alevins fed FAA-based or peptide-based diets can be indicative of collagen turnover (Hyp/Pro ratio)and showed significant differences between dietary treatments. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase activity was detected, suggesting that P5C may ameliorate proline deficiency, but synthesis from glutamate could not maintain free proline levels in muscle. This finding will provide an impetus to test whether proline is conditionally indispensable in young fish, as in mammals and birds. This study shows that amino acids given entirely as dipeptides can sustain fish growth, result in muscle FAA and enzyme responses in line with dietary levels and identify growth-limiting amino acids. The understanding of these factors necessitates a diet formulation that will improve the accuracy of determining amino acid requirements in the early life stages of vertebrates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A concept of dietary dipeptides: a step to resolve the problem of amino acid availability in the early life of vertebrates

Dąbrowski

Terjesen

Zhang

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Until the 1950s it was generally accepted that the endproducts of dietary protein degradation in the small intestine were free AA, which were then absorbed by specific transport systems. Subsequently, evidence accumulated indicating that distinct GIT peptide transport systems exist (for review, see Grimble, 1994) and, furthermore, that peptide transport required an inwardly directed proton gradient (Ganapathy et al 1987). While it is well established that the enterocyte has sufficient peptidase activity to hydrolyse absorbed peptides to free AA, there are a number of reports of PAA in the circulation of both single-stomached animals (Gardner et al 1983(Gardner et al , 1991Gallibois et al 1991) and ruminants (Seal & Parker, 1991;Webb et al 1992).…”

Section: Where Do Circulating Peptides Come From?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide utilization by tissues: current status and applications of stable isotope procedures

Backwell¹

1994

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…A protein hydrolysate is more easily digested and absorbed as compared to an intact protein [9,10]. It enhances the availability of the plasma amino acids, and leads to greater muscle protein synthetic response [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study by Adibi and Morse [15] suggests the absorption of tetraglycine in human jejunum is accomplished through hydrolysis by brush border oligopeptidase. It has been demonstrated that di/tri peptides are absorbed faster than free amino acids [10,12]. Thus, the proportion of di/tri peptides in protein hydrolysate determines the absorption kinetics of a protein hydrolysate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a Fish Protein Hydrolysate in Malnourished Children

Nesse¹,

Nagalakshmi

Marimuthu

et al. 2011

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Protein hydrolysates are good nutritional supplements as their bioactive ingredients can be easily absorbed and utilized for various metabolic activities. A fish protein hydrolysate (Amizate), prepared by a unique process of hydrolysis has the advantage of high di/tri peptide content (\10 kDa) along with essential and non essential amino acids, micronutrients and vitamins. The effect of Amizate on malnourished children (6-8 years, a total of 438) of Grade I and II (Gomez's classification) with respect to immunoglobulins, CD4/CD8 ratios and hemoglobin was examined. Measurement of these parameters during the user trial study (at the beginning and the end after 4 months) indicated that the levels of the immunological parameters were not significantly altered by the Amizate treatment. The values of immunoglobulins and CD4/CD8 ratios of malnourished children (India) are in the normal range and are in accordance with the reported values of various ethnic groups.

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The Significance of Peptides in Clinical Nutrition

Cited by 98 publications

References 67 publications

A concept of dietary dipeptides: a step to resolve the problem of amino acid availability in the early life of vertebrates

A concept of dietary dipeptides: a step to resolve the problem of amino acid availability in the early life of vertebrates

Peptide utilization by tissues: current status and applications of stable isotope procedures

Efficacy of a Fish Protein Hydrolysate in Malnourished Children

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