The significance of race/ethnicity in adolescent violence: A decade of review, 2005–2015

Rojas-Gaona, Carlos E.; Hong, Jun Sung; Peguero, Anthony A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.05.001

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Whites with fewer adverse childhood experiences had extremely high likelihood of commitment of a serious person/property offense (Odds Ratio = 4.87 for one adverse childhood experience and Odds Ratio = 4.29 for two adverse childhood experiences), yet African Americans and Hispanics with between three and five adverse childhood experiences had reduced likelihood of serious person/property offending. Although non-white offenders experience generally more disadvantaged backgrounds [24,25,26,38] than whites, that was not the case in these current data. Whites had the highest mean adverse childhood experiences (Mean = 2.43, Standard Deviation = 1.71), followed by Hispanics (Mean = 2.01, Standard Deviation = 1.42) and African Americans (Mean = 1.94, Standard Deviation = 1.41), and these group differences were significant ( F (3, 2520) = 17.00, p < 0.0001).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…For instance, in the United States there is extraordinary heterogeneity of background experiences among delinquents in addition to sharply divergent local life circumstances and socioeconomic backgrounds by race and ethnicity [22,23,24,25,26], which have been demonstrated to affect adverse childhood experience wherein juvenile offenders residing in more disadvantaged communities evidence greater exposures. Prior criminological research has shown that disaggregated analyses by race and ethnicity are a fruitful way to understand different pathways of offending [27,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

DeLisi

Alcala

Kusow

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with an array of health, psychiatric, and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior. Criminologists have recently utilized adverse childhood experiences as an organizing research framework and shown that adverse childhood experiences are associated with delinquency, violence, and more chronic/severe criminal careers. However, much less is known about adverse childhood experiences vis-à-vis specific forms of crime and whether the effects vary across race and ethnicity. Using a sample of 2520 male confined juvenile delinquents, the current study used epidemiological tables of odds (both unadjusted and adjusted for onset, total adjudications, and total out of home placements) to evaluate the significance of the number of adverse childhood experiences on commitment for homicide, sexual assault, and serious persons/property offending. The effects of adverse childhood experiences vary considerably across racial and ethnic groups and across offense types. Adverse childhood experiences are strongly and positively associated with sexual offending, but negatively associated with homicide and serious person/property offending. Differential effects of adverse childhood experiences were also seen among African Americans, Hispanics, and whites. Suggestions for future research to clarify the mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences manifest in specific forms of criminal behavior are offered.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

DeLisi

Alcala

Kusow

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…According to the general strain theory (Agnew, ), stressful life events can cause negative emotions that can, in turn, result in violence, crime, or substance abuse. Confounded with this approach are the socioeconomic conditions and neighborhoods in which African American youth reside: socioeconomic characteristics and greater exposure to family and community violence have been shown to account for racial disparities in violence, especially between African American and White American youth (e.g., Rojas‐Gaona, Hong, & Peguero, ; Sampson, Morenoff, & Raudenbush, ).…”

Section: Theoretical Bases For Bullying Across Ethnic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Group Differences in Bullying Perpetration: A Meta‐Analysis

Vitoroulis

Vaillancourt

2018

J of Research on Adolesc

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We examined ethnic differences in bullying perpetration in order to assess whether ethnic group membership was associated with higher involvement among (1) nonimmigrant and immigrant youth; and (2) White and visible minority youth (i.e., Black, Hispanic, Asian, Indigenous, and Biracial). Fifty-three studies (N = 740,176; 6-18-year-olds) were included in the meta-analysis. Results yielded very small and nonsignificant effect size differences across all group comparisons. Methodological moderator analyses indicated several differences across groups. Our findings provide initial support that the assessment of ethnicity as a descriptive variable is not sufficient to account for group differences in bullying perpetration.

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“…Research on ethnicity and race has been conducted and utilized in various fields, including in studies related to disease [1,2], learning achievement [3,4], and social crime [5,6]. Ethnicity is one characteristic of society that has a deep connection with various environmental and social problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Ethnic Spatial Distribution of Business People Using Machine Learning

Jun

Mizuno

2020

Information

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The development of transportation and technology has spread human movements more quickly and widely. As a result, our societies are becoming more complex, composed of people of more diverse races, cultures, religions, and languages. In this study, we focus on the origins of ethnicity while analyzing the background of social members. To track the origin of the ethnicities of which a society is composed, we established a surname-nationality prediction model by learning from a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with data recorded by business peoples' surnames and nationalities to predict nationality with high accuracy through surnames. This study is meaningful because it approaches the social scientific problems of ethnic composition within society through massive data and machine learning: the informatics approach.

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The significance of race/ethnicity in adolescent violence: A decade of review, 2005–2015

Cited by 47 publications

References 159 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

Ethnic Group Differences in Bullying Perpetration: A Meta‐Analysis

Detecting Ethnic Spatial Distribution of Business People Using Machine Learning

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