The Significance of School-based Programs, School-based Activities, and Community-Based Activities Against Marijuana Use Among Adolescents

Nguyen, Ngoc N.

doi:10.1177/00220426211037272

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…On the protective side, organized afterschool activities, such as community service and the arts, have been found to afford opportunities for adolescents to spend time in supportive relationships with adult leaders and peers, as well as structured spaces and opportunities that reduce adolescents' engagement in risky behaviors (Badura et al, 2021 ; Feldman & Matjasko, 2005 ; García‐Poole et al, 2019 ). These organized activities appear to provide protection from the societal pressures to use alcohol and marijuana during high school (Adachi‐Mejia et al, 2014 ; Eccles et al, 2003 ; Lee et al, 2018 ; Nguyen, 2021 ).…”

Section: Out‐of‐school Settings As Risk and Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal associations between adolescent out‐of‐school time and adult substance use

Hsieh

Simpkins

Vandell

2022

Journal of Adolescence

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Introduction: Based on Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory and Bornstein's specificity principle, the purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' time in out-of-school settings as a precursor of three types of problematic substance use in adulthood (i.e., binge drinking, regular marijuana use, and use of illicit drugs). Method: Adolescents (N = 978) reported the time they spent in four common out-ofschool settings at ages 15 and 18: unsupervised time with peers, organized sports, other organized activities, and paid employment. At age 26, participants reported binge drinking, marijuana use, and illicit drug use. Results and Conclusions: Adolescents' time in out-of-school settings during high school predicted age 26 substance use over and above family and adolescent factors, including adolescents' substance use during high school. Adolescents' unsupervised time with peers increased the odds and frequency of binge drinking and regular marijuana use at age 26. Time in high school organized sports increased the odds of binge drinking at age 26, but not marijuana or illicit drug use. Time spent in other organized activities, such as community service and the arts, lowered the odds of illicit drug use whereas paid employment in high school was not related to age 26 substance use. Aligned with Bornstein's specificity principle, time spent in specific out-of-school settings during adolescence were differentially related to substance use problems in early adulthood, with some activities serving as a risk factor and other activities serving as a protective factor for young adults.binge drinking, employment, organized activities, organized sports, out-of-school time, substance use, unsupervised time | INTRODUCTIONAdolescents spend more than half of their waking hours outside of school (Livingston, 2019; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2022). During high school, this time can be spent in a variety of settings including hanging out with peers, participating in organized sports, participating in other organized activities, and working at part-time jobs (Vandell et al., 2015). These settings differ in their structure, potential for adult supervision, and opportunities for different types of interactions with adults and with peers. A robust literature has documented the relations between adolescents' time in out-ofschool settings and their alcohol and marijuana use in high school through cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal studies (

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