The Significance of Soil Variability for Forest Soil Studies in North‐east Scotland

Blyth, J. F.; Maclkod, D. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1978.tb00791.x

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A study of thirteen 0.01 ha plots in North East Scotland showed that the variability of different properties was not uniform, and that to estimate the mean at the 95% confidence limit with a range about the mean of ±10% the number of sampling points required ranged from 6 for total N to 29 for Ca, P, Mg and K (Blyth and MacLeod, 1978). The number required for the Level II study will vary, therefore, from site to site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sampling The Soil In Long-Term Forest Plots: The Implications Of Spatial Variation

Kirwan

Oliver

Moffat

et al. 2005

Environ Monit Assess

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Long-term monitoring of forest soils as part of a pan-European network to detect environmental change depends on an accurate determination of the mean of the soil properties at each monitoring event. Forest soil is known to be very variable spatially, however. A study was undertaken to explore and quantify this variability at three forest monitoring plots in Britain. Detailed soil sampling was carried out, and the data from the chemical analyses were analysed by classical statistics and geostatistics. An analysis of variance showed that there were no consistent effects from the sample sites in relation to the position of the trees. The variogram analysis showed that there was spatial dependence at each site for several variables and some varied in an apparently periodic way. An optimal sampling analysis based on the multivariate variogram for each site suggested that a bulked sample from 36 cores would reduce error to an acceptable level. Future sampling should be designed so that it neither targets nor avoids trees and disturbed ground. This can be achieved best by using a stratified random sampling design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sampling The Soil In Long-Term Forest Plots: The Implications Of Spatial Variation

Kirwan

Oliver

Moffat

et al. 2005

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The extent of compaction, initial bulk density, depth of impact, and subsequent soil recovery are all factors that determine the consequences of timber harvesting or site preparation on productivity. In addition, duration and variability of compaction can be significant from site to site or at depth in the soil profile (Beckett and Webster 1971;Blythe and Macleod 1978;Courtin et al 1983). For instance, variability within soil textural groups, forest stands, or on skid trails can be as great as or greater than the variability between them (Courtin et al 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil physical property changes at the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity study sites: 1 and 5 years after compaction

Page‐Dumroese¹,

Jürgensen²,

Tiarks³

et al. 2006

Can. J. For. Res.

145

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Abstract:The impact of forest management operations on soil physical properties is important to understand, since management can significantly change site productivity by altering root growth potential, water infiltration and soil erosion, and water and nutrient availability. We studied soil bulk density and strength changes as indicators of soil compaction before harvesting and 1 and 5 years after harvest and site treatment on 12 of the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity sites. Severe soil compaction treatments approached root-limiting bulk densities for each soil texture, while moderate compaction levels were between severe and preharvest values. Immediately after harvesting, soil bulk density on the severely compacted plots ranged from 1% less than to 58% higher than preharvest levels across all sites. Soil compaction increases were noticeable to a depth of 30 cm. After 5 years, bulk density recovery on coarse-textured soils was evident in the surface (0-10 cm) soil, but recovery was less in the subsoil (10-30 cm depth); fine-textured soils exhibited little recovery. When measured as a percentage, initial bulk density increases were greater on finetextured soils than on coarser-textured soils and were mainly due to higher initial bulk density values in coarse-textured soils. Development of soil monitoring methods applicable to all soil types may not be appropriate, and more sitespecific techniques may be needed for soil monitoring after disturbance. 564Résumé : Il est important de comprendre l'impact des interventions dictées par l'aménagement forestier sur les propriétés physiques du sol étant donné qu'elles peuvent modifier de façon significative la productivité d'une station en altérant le potentiel de croissance des racines, l'infiltration d'eau, l'érosion du sol et la disponibilité de l'eau et des nutriments. Les auteurs ont étudié les changements dans la résistance et la densité apparente du sol en tant qu'indicateurs de la compaction du sol avant la récolte ainsi qu'un et 5 ans après la récolte et la préparation du terrain dans 12 stations du projet nord-américain de productivité des sols à long terme. Les traitements de compaction sévère du sol s'approchaient de la densité apparente inappropriée pour les racines pour chaque texture de sol alors que les degrés modérés de compaction du sol se situaient entre des valeurs allant de sévères à celles obtenues avant la récolte. Immédiatement après la récolte dans les parcelles où la compaction du sol était sévère, la densité apparente du sol variait de 1 % moins élevée à 58 % plus élevée qu'avant la récolte pour l'ensemble des sites. L'augmentation de la compaction du sol était observable jusqu'à une profondeur de 30 cm. Après 5 ans, le rétablissement de la densité apparente dans les sols à texture grossière était évident en surface (0-10 cm) mais pas aussi évident en profondeur (10-30 cm); presque aucun rétablissement n'était apparent dans les sols à texture fine. Mesurée en pourcentage, l'augmentation de la densité apparente initiale était plus for...

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“…An allowable error of 10% at 95% confidence is normally considered acceptable (Blyth and Macleod 1978). Also calculated were the number of samples required for the same confidence level but with a greater allowable error.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly true for assessment of timber production from known relationships between tree growth and site attributes (Blyth and Macleod 1978). According to Hedley and Kang (1972), one major problem in quantifying the ecological role of forest soil in terms of averages for nutrient contents in the tropics, particularly on recently cleared land, is the high degree of soil variability, which results in uneven crop growth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Soil sampling size estimates for soils under teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F) plantations and natural forests in Ashanti Region, Ghana

Amponsah¹,

Meyer²,

Murchison³

2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Soil sampling size estimates for soils under teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F) plantations and natural forests in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 327-336. The variability of forest soil properties and the number of samples required to achieve desired levels of precision for estimation of property means have received little attention in the tropics. Highly variable forest soil properties require more intensive sampling and often have less predictive value for site assessment purposes. Sites at Offinso and Juaso Forest Districts in the Ashanti region, Ghana, were used to study the variability patterns for selected physical and chemical properties. Sites selected for this study were in the moist semideciduous forest zone and had nearly identical physiographic characteristics. A simple random sampling procedure was used to obtain soil samples at each site. In each of three natural forest stands and three teak plantations, 16 soil pits were examined and soil samples from the 0-to 20-cm (major rooting depth) and 20-to 40-cm depths were analyzed for selected chemical and physical properties. In the 0-to 20-cm depth, coefficients of variation varied from 8% (pH) to 72% (available P), and in the 20-to 40-cm depth from 16% (pH) to 116% (available P) under teak plantations. Similarly, in the 0-to 20-cm depth coefficients of variation varied from 11% (pH) to 40% (exchangeable K) and in the 20-to 40-cm depth from 10% (bulk density) to 86% (available P) under natural forests. Under both cover types, more samples were required to estimate means at ±10% allowable error with a confidence level of 95% for chemical properties than for physical properties. Mots clés:Tectona grandis, plantation, zone de la forêt semi-décidue ombrophile, Ghana, propriétés physico-chimique du sol, ochrosol forestier

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The Significance of Soil Variability for Forest Soil Studies in North‐east Scotland

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Sampling The Soil In Long-Term Forest Plots: The Implications Of Spatial Variation

Sampling The Soil In Long-Term Forest Plots: The Implications Of Spatial Variation

Soil physical property changes at the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity study sites: 1 and 5 years after compaction

Soil sampling size estimates for soils under teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F) plantations and natural forests in Ashanti Region, Ghana

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