The Significance of the Age Distribution of Poliomyelitis. Evidence of Transmission Through Contact*

Aycock, W. Lloyd

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120987

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Frost (13), who first suggested this hypothesis, emphasized the differences in the age distribution of the disease in urban and rural districts and concluded that an immunity, which was directly proportional to concentration of population, developed with age. In addition, Aycock (14) has shown that the age distribution is similar to that of measles and diphtheria and believes that subclinical infection accounts for the widespread immunity in adults against the virus of poliomyelitis. As further evidence it has been shown that the incidence of neutralizing substance against the virus of poliomyelitis parallels the Schick test and that the incidence of this neutralizing substance increases with age according to concentration of population, (Aycock and Kramer (4)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Between Convalescent Serum and Non-Convalescent Serum in Poliomyelitis

Brodie

1932

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. Of twenty-nine so called normal urban adults tested, seven had less than two-fifths, three had two-fifths, two had three-fifths, eight had four-fifths and nine had a neutralizing power at least equal to the average of five batches of pooled convalescent serum. 2. Known contacts and avowed non-contacts were equally represented in the serums of low potency, but in the serums of higher potency, the known contacts predominated. 3. The pooled serums of known contacts and of non-contacts were respectively a little above and a little below half the strength of the average obtained for pooled convalescent serum. 4. Two series of early cases of poliomyelitis, the one treated with normal serum of proved protective power, the other with convalescent serum, showed no advantage of one type of serum over the other.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Between Convalescent Serum and Non-Convalescent Serum in Poliomyelitis

Brodie

1932

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Medin (16) also observed such abortive cases. Aycock (17) mentions the possibility that mild attacks of poliomyelitis are responsible for the development of immunity. In view of these observations we were on the alert to detect slight symptoms referable to the treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intradermal Versus Subcutaneous Immunization of Monkeys Against Poliomyelitis

Stewart

Rhoads

1929

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Early experiments of Flexner and Lewis (1), Levaditi and Landsteiner (2), and RSmer and Joseph (3) showed that monkeys once recovered from poliomyelitis are immune to subsequent intracerebral inoculations of poliomyelitis virus. This immunity was apparent no matter how slight had been the symptoms of the initial infection. The refractory state was of long duration and was absolute within the limit of infecting doses employed. These same workers noted that sera of convalescent monkeys, when mixed with poliomyelitis virus in vitro, rendered the material, otherwise infective, inactive when introduced intracerebrally in test animals.These observations became the basis for numerous efforts to immunize animals against experimental poliomyelitis. Flexner and Lewis (4) injected monkeys subcutaneously with living active virus, beginning with a dose of 0.05 cc. This amount was given daily for four days and the series Was repeated twice with a four day rest period between each individual set of injections. After the last interval the animals received on successive days 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 cc. of virus, and after one month 5.0 cc. A week's rest period then followed, after which time the animals were tested intracerebrally with 2.0 cc. of fresh Berkefeld filtrate of poliomyelitis virus. Control monkeys which received 0.1 to 0.01 cc. of a similar filtrate intracerebrally developed typical poliomyelitis, whereas the vaccinated animals remained free from symptoms.Levaditi and Landsteiner (5) attempted to immunize monkeys by a single subcutaneous inoculation of 0.5 cc. of virus suspension previously heated to 50°C. for 30 minutes. They failed to produce any immunity by this treatment. In another experiment glycerinated virus was heated to 50°C. for 2 hours; this heated virus was still active in producing disease when inoculated intracerebrally, but did not infect when given daily in subcutaneous doses of 2 cc. each over a period of one month. Nine days after the last subcutaneous injection two treated monkeys were tested intracerebrally. One of these showed slight prodromal symptoms of 959 on

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“…La elevada incidencia de casos en la infancia, explicada inicialmente por factores relacionados con la "probada" menor resistencia de los niños a las infecciones, ya fuese natural o por factores predisponentes, tales como clima, fatiga, infecciones infantiles, amigdalectomía, la administración de las vacunas de la difteria o de la viruela, etcétera. La formulación por Aycock 13,14 de los conceptos de autarcesis y anautarcesis y del concepto de precesión de contagio formulado por De Rudder (citado por Mezquita, 1952 15 ), proporcionaron la base biológica, si bien inespecífica, para explicar las variaciones en la distribución etária de la enfermedad en dos colectivos diferentes, en un momento en que el conocimiento de la inmunología era incipiente. a. Autarcesis, definida por Aycock como "el poder de resistencia infecciosa dependiente del fisiologismo normal y que no requiere la previa acción del agente infeccioso para ser despertado".…”

Section: Los Estudios De La Poliomielitis En Españaunclassified

Los estudios epidemiológicos sobre la poliomielitis en España antes de la vacunación

Navarro

2013

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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The eradication of polio in Spain is one of the most important health milestones of the twentieth century, not only for public health but also for the effect it had on scientific knowledge in our country, in the medical field. Knowledge of international literature by our epidemiologists and virologists, was important, as reflected in the studies of outbreaks, virological studies and clinical studies. For public health represented, throughout the twentieth century, an effort geared to make decisions based on scientific knowledge. For epidemiology represented the application of new ways of working and, therefore, its modernization.

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The Significance of the Age Distribution of Poliomyelitis. Evidence of Transmission Through Contact*

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

A Comparison Between Convalescent Serum and Non-Convalescent Serum in Poliomyelitis

A Comparison Between Convalescent Serum and Non-Convalescent Serum in Poliomyelitis

Intradermal Versus Subcutaneous Immunization of Monkeys Against Poliomyelitis

Los estudios epidemiológicos sobre la poliomielitis en España antes de la vacunación

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