The Significance of the Druckrey-Küpfmüller Equation for Risk Assessment - The Toxicity of Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Arthropods is Reinforced by Exposure Time

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.07.005

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Neonicotinoid insecticides are based on the natural toxin nicotine6, and are of particular concern because they bind virtually irreversibly to the nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors in the insect's nervous system7, so the damage can accumulate, and therefore the toxic effects can be reinforced with chronic exposure8. Time-to-effect studies lend themselves to a simple time-dependent power-law empirical model which can guide expectations for field toxicity effects9.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed and time-cumulative toxicity of imidacloprid in bees, ants and termites

Rondeau¹,

Sánchez‐Bayo

Tennekes³

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

171

120

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Imidacloprid, one of the most commonly used insecticides, is highly toxic to bees and other beneficial insects. The regulatory challenge to determine safe levels of residual pesticides can benefit from information about the time-dependent toxicity of this chemical. Using published toxicity data for imidacloprid for several insect species, we construct time-to-lethal-effect toxicity plots and fit temporal power-law scaling curves to the data. The level of toxic exposure that results in 50% mortality after time t is found to scale as t1.7 for ants, from t1.6 to t5 for honeybees, and from t1.46 to t2.9 for termites. We present a simple toxicological model that can explain t2 scaling. Extrapolating the toxicity scaling for honeybees to the lifespan of winter bees suggests that imidacloprid in honey at 0.25 μg/kg would be lethal to a large proportion of bees nearing the end of their life.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed and time-cumulative toxicity of imidacloprid in bees, ants and termites

Rondeau¹,

Sánchez‐Bayo

Tennekes³

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

171

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In case bees would fail to fully clear ingested pesticides from their bodies, the persistence of even small daily intakes could eventually build up to harmful or even lethal levels over time. Some scientists argue that imidacloprid irreversibly blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors 40–42 . Indeed, the lethality of imidacloprid to insects appears to be dependent on the time of exposure: the longer the exposure time, the less amount of total chemical is needed to kill honeybees 40, 49, 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal dynamics of whole body residues of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in live or dead honeybees

Schott

Bischoff

Eichner

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In cases of acute intoxication, honeybees often lay in front of their hives for several days, exposed to sunlight and weather, before a beekeeper can take a sample. Beekeepers send samples to analytical laboratories, but sometimes no residues can be detected. Temperature and sun light could influence the decrease of pesticides in bee samples and thereby residues left for analysis. Moreover, samples are usually sent via normal postal services without cooling. We investigated the temporal dynamics of whole-body residues of imidacloprid in live or dead honeybees following a single-meal dietary exposure of 41 ng/bee under various environmental conditions, such as freezing, exposure to UV light or transfer of individuals through the mail system. Immobile, “dead” looking honeybees recovered from paralysis after 48 hours. The decrease of residues in living but paralysed bees was stopped by freezing (= killing). UV light significantly reduced residues, but the mode of transport did not affect residue levels. Group feeding increased the variance of residues, which is relevant for acute oral toxicity tests. In conclusion, elapsed time after poisoning is key for detection of neonicotinoids. Freezing before mailing significantly reduced the decrease of imidacloprid residues and may increase the accuracy of laboratory analysis for pesticides.

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“…Tennekes's findings are consistent with Suchail et al's empirical findings. Tennekes's paper was criticised by Bayer scientists (Maus and Nauen 2011) but later corroborated by empirical data (Tennekes andSanchez-Bayo 2011, 2013). While it is still contested by industry scientists, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (EFSA 2013) adopted the new chronic toxicity model as valid in their recent Scientific Opinion on the science behind the development of a risk assessment of Plant Protection Products on bees.…”

Section: Large-scale Prophylactic Use Of Systemic Neonicotinoid Insecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study was heavily attacked by industry scientists (see Maxim and Van der Sluijs 2013a, b). Recently Tennekes (2010) concluded that the toxicity of neonicotinoids is reinforced by exposure time and postulated a chronic toxicity model based on Haber's law, originally developed to characterise the toxicity of neurotoxic chemical warfare gases, which states that the prolonged exposure to diminishing concentrations of toxins over time produces a constant (irreversible) toxic effect (ct = constant). In other words: toxicity of such chemicals is reinforced by exposure time: the longer the exposure time, the lower the daily dose required to produce a chronic lethal effect.…”

Section: Large-scale Prophylactic Use Of Systemic Neonicotinoid Insecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinators and Global Food Security: the Need for Holistic Global Stewardship

2016

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Over the past decades, both wild and domesticated insect pollinators are in dramatic decline, which puts at stake the existence of species, ecosystem resilience and global food security. Globally, 87 of major food crops depend on animal pollination. Together these account for 35 % of the world food production volume. Pollinator mediated crops are indispensable for essential micronutrients in the human diet. Many ornamental plants as well as crops for fibre, fodder, biofuels, timber and phytopharmaceuticals also depend on insect pollinators. This article aims to map the current situation of pollinators worldwide, with a focus on the critical role of pollinators in the human food chain and ecosystem sustainability, their intrinsic and extrinsic value, as well as the causes of their declines and the interventions needed to conserve them, in order to develop an argument for the importance of conserving and restoring pollinator populations and diversity. The present pollinator crisis threatens global and local food security, can worsen the problems of hidden hunger, erodes ecosystem resilience, and can destabilise ecosystems that form our life support system. An integrated approach that simultaneously addresses the key drivers is needed. This includes creation and restoration of floral and nesting resources, a global phase out of prophylactic use of neonicotinoids and fipronil, improvement of test protocols in authorisation of agrochemicals, and restoration and maintenance of independence in regulatory science. The authors argue that an international treaty for global pollinator stewardship and pollinator ecosystem restoration should be initiated in order to systemically counteract the current crisis. Food ethics (2016) 1:75-91

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The Significance of the Druckrey-Küpfmüller Equation for Risk Assessment - The Toxicity of Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Arthropods is Reinforced by Exposure Time

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Delayed and time-cumulative toxicity of imidacloprid in bees, ants and termites

Delayed and time-cumulative toxicity of imidacloprid in bees, ants and termites

Temporal dynamics of whole body residues of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in live or dead honeybees

Pollinators and Global Food Security: the Need for Holistic Global Stewardship

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