The significance of the Himalayan suture zone

Gansser, Augusto

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(80)90134-1

Cited by 215 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…At the western and eastern ends, the belt terminates at the Nanga Parbat and Namche Barwa syntaxes, areas that are characterized by exhumation rates of up to 10 mm yr À1 (Zeitler et al, 1993;Burg et al, 1998). In the eastern end of this collisional zone, the suture between the Eurasian and Indian plates follows an east-west trend identified as the Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone (Gansser, 1964;Gansser, 1980) and spans a clearly defined ''indentor corner'' at the edge of the Indian plate (Koons, 1995). Directly north of the ITSZ (Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone) the Tibetan plateau is underlain by the Lhasa block, which is dominated by 120-40 Ma Transhimalayan plutons consisting of gabbroic to granodioritic batholiths of the Gangdese belt (Zhang et al, 1981).…”

Section: The Yarlung Tsangpo-brahmaputra and The Tibetan Plateaumentioning

confidence: 99%

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Hren

Chamberlain

Hilley

et al. 2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

168

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The Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau, including the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active regions on the globe. We measured the solute chemistry of 161 streams and major tributaries of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra to examine the effect of tectonic, climatic, and geologic factors on chemical weathering rates. Specifically, we quantify chemical weathering fluxes and CO 2 consumption by silicate weathering in southern Tibet and the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya, examine the major chemical weathering reactions in the tributaries of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra, and determine the total weathering flux from carbonate and silicate weathering processes in this region. We show that high precipitation, rapid tectonic uplift, steep channel slopes, and high stream power generate high rates of chemical weathering in the eastern syntaxis. The total dissolved solids (TDS) flux from the this area is greater than 520 tons km À2 yr À1 and the silicate cation flux more than 34 tons km À2 yr À1 . In total, chemical weathering in this area consumes 15.2 · 10 5 mol CO 2 km À2 yr À1 , which is twice the Brahmaputra average. These data show that 15-20% of the total CO 2 consumption by silicate weathering in the Brahmaputra catchment is derived from only 4% of the total land area of the basin. Hot springs and evaporite weathering provide significant contributions to dissolved Na + and Cl À fluxes throughout southern Tibet, comprising more than 50% of all Na + in some stream systems. Carbonate weathering generates 80-90% of all dissolved Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ cations in much of the Yarlung Tsangpo catchment.

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Section: The Yarlung Tsangpo-brahmaputra and The Tibetan Plateaumentioning

confidence: 99%

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Hren

Chamberlain

Hilley

et al. 2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

168

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“…LB is bound by the Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ) along its southern margin, while the Shyok Suture Zone (SSZ) frames its northern margin. These sutures demarcate Early Cretaceous subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere 28 and closure of this ocean between the Indian and Asian Plates 24,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] ( Figure 1 a and b). The batholith trends WNW-ESE for nearly 600 km in a 30-80 km wide belt (Figure 1 b), with an exposed thickness of ~2 km.…”

Section: Geological Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation of the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith, and the India–Asia Convergence

Kumar¹,

Jain²,

Lal³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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“…It occurs within the NNE-SSW trending Indo-Myanmar Orogenic Belt (IMOB), a remnant of the Tethyan Ophiolite in the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic system [13][14][15][16] . Initially, it was proposed that several subduction processes were involved in the generation of this ophiolite belt resulting from the convergence of the Indian plate with the Myanmar plate 14,[17][18][19][20][21] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy of the Manipur Ophiolite Belt, North East India:Implications for Mid-Oceanic Ridge and Supra-Subduction Zone Origin

Ovung¹,

Ray²,

Teng³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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Mineralogical studies on the mantle and crustal sections of the Manipur Ophiolite Belt (MOB) lead to important findings pertaining to its genesis and controlling tectonic milieu. The wide compositional gap in the Cr# and Mg# content of spinel in the mantle peridotites of MOB implies upper mantle melting in two different tectonic settings. The tectonic discrimination diagrams based on spinel chemistry indicate a midoceanic ridge (MOR) origin for the high-Al spinel peridotites and a supra-subduction zone origin for the high-Cr spinel peridotites. The pyroxenite mantle dyke, ultramafic cumulate and pillow-basalt record temperature in the range of 600-1030C, 600-800C and 700-1005C respectively. Plotting of clinopyroxene composition of pillow-basalt in the TiO 2 -Na 2 OSiO 2 /100 (wt%) tectonic discrimination diagram, implies a subduction-related origin of the basalts. Experimental studies on the serpentine stability indicate that it was dominantly affected by high temperaturelow deformation setting.

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The significance of the Himalayan suture zone

Cited by 215 publications

References 8 publications

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation of the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith, and the India–Asia Convergence

Mineralogy of the Manipur Ophiolite Belt, North East India:Implications for Mid-Oceanic Ridge and Supra-Subduction Zone Origin

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