The Significance of the Intestinal Microbiome for Vaccinology: From Correlations to Therapeutic Applications

Harris, Vanessa

doi:10.1007/s40265-018-0941-3

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In the field of vaccinology, we found the potent immunogenic role of microbiotas as oral enteric vaccines, and specially rotavirus vaccine, to improve vaccines efficacy. Also data confirms that the microbiota targets would stay related to both specific vaccines and patient populations [232]. It is noteworthy to mention that although we mainly recall viruses as pathogens, but there are some viruses called as virome, which are commensal microbiota in healthy peoples and have been remain understudied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Dual and mutual interaction between microbiota and viral infections: a possible treat for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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All of humans and other mammalian species are colonized by some types of microorganisms such as bacteria, archaea, unicellular eukaryotes like fungi and protozoa, multicellular eukaryotes like helminths, and viruses, which in whole are called microbiota. These microorganisms have multiple different types of interaction with each other. A plethora of evidence suggests that they can regulate immune and digestive systems and also play roles in various diseases, such as mental, cardiovascular, metabolic and some skin diseases. In addition, they take-part in some current health problems like diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancers and infections. Viral infection is one of the most common and problematic health care issues, particularly in recent years that pandemics like SARS and COVID-19 caused a lot of financial and physical damage to the world. There are plenty of articles investigating the interaction between microbiota and infectious diseases. We focused on stimulatory to suppressive effects of microbiota on viral infections, hoping to find a solution to overcome this current pandemic. Then we reviewed mechanistically the effects of both microbiota and probiotics on most of the viruses. But unlike previous studies which concentrated on intestinal microbiota and infection, our focus is on respiratory system’s microbiota and respiratory viral infection, bearing in mind that respiratory system is a proper entry site and residence for viruses, and whereby infection, can lead to asymptomatic, mild, self-limiting, severe or even fatal infection. Finally, we overgeneralize the effects of microbiota on COVID-19 infection. In addition, we reviewed the articles about effects of the microbiota on coronaviruses and suggest some new therapeutic measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Dual and mutual interaction between microbiota and viral infections: a possible treat for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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“…Proteobacteria or their cell envelope components may therefore be acting as natural immune adjuvants in the Pakistani infant population. These studies provide relevant insights to deepen the causative association between microbiome composition and RVV immunogenicity, and offer a model for studying how the immunogenic potential of the microbiota could be exploited to improve vaccine immunogenicity (Harris, 2018). The modulation of the resident microbial community through the treatment with antibiotics has also been investigated as possible strategy to increase RVV immunogenicity (Harris V.C.…”

Section: Potential Role Of the Microbiota In The Immune Response To Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional bottleneck is that currently most of the clinical studies performed can only assign correlations but not causality, and the correlations have been made with immunogenicity and not vaccine efficacy (Harris, 2018).…”

Section: Challenges In the Study Of The Potential Role Of The Microbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Microbiota in the Modulation of Vaccine Immune Responses

et al. 2019

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The human immune system and the microbiota co-evolve, and their balanced relationship is based on crosstalk between the two systems through the course of life. This tight association and the overall composition and richness of the microbiota play an important role in the modulation of host immunity and may impact the immune response to vaccination. The availability of innovative technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and correlated bioinformatics tools, allows a deeper investigation of the crosstalk between the microbiota and human immune responses. This review discusses the current knowledge on the influence of the microbiota on the immune response to vaccination and novel tools to deeply analyze the impact of the microbiome on vaccine responses.

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“…Our results suggest that the observed richness decrease might be an outcome of the compound effect of the probiotic and the inflammatory effect of the adjuvant. An existing body of literature supports that probiotics and/or vaccination could result in modulation of the resident microbiome 45,46,47,13,18,48,49,50 . In addition, a significant decrease in richness and shift in the microbial community structure was also observed in association with the RB treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal impact of oral probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus vaccine strains on the immune response and gut microbiome of mice

Abdo

LeCureux

LaVoy

et al. 2019

Preprint

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29The potential role of probiotic bacteria as adjuvants in vaccine trials led to their use as 30 nonparenteral live mucosal vaccine vectors. Yet, interactions between these vectors, the host and 31 the microbiome are poorly understood. This study evaluates impact of three probiotic, 32Lactobacillus acidophilus, vector strains, and their interactions with the host's immune response, 33 on the gut microbiome. One strain expressed the membrane proximal external region from HIV-34 1 (MPER). The other two expressed MPER and either secreted interleukin-1β or 35 expressed the surface flagellin subunit C (FliC) as adjuvants. We also used MPER with rice bran 36 as prebiotic supplement. We observed a strain dependent, differential effect suggesting that 37 MPER and IL-1β induced a shift of the microbiome while FliC had minimal impact. Joint 38 probiotic and prebiotic use resulted in a compound effect, highlighting a potential synbiotic 39 approach to impact efficacy of vaccination. Careful consideration of constitutive adjuvants and 40 use of prebiotics is needed depending on whether or not to target microbiome modulation to 41 improve vaccine efficacy. No clear associations were observed between total or MPER-specific 42IgA and the microbiome suggesting a role for other immune mechanisms or a need to focus on 43IgA-bound, resident microbiota, most affected by an immune response. 44 45The relationship between the microbiome and its host has been rigorously studied during the last 46 decade resulting in evidence supporting its role in health and disease 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . It was also 47 established that the microbiome is dependent on diet and on its environment and could be 48 modulated, for better or worse, by use of antibiotics, probiotics and/or prebiotics 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . Use of 49 probiotics has been shown to impact the gut microbiome due to direct competition or cooperation 50 with the resident microbiota, and was shown to have a direct effect on the host through immune 51 modulation and enhanced barrier function 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 . 52 53It is clear that the microbiome greatly influences mucosal health 3 , 16 , but how vaccines, and any 54 subsequent mucosal immune response, influence the microbiome is poorly understood 17 . There is 55 increasing evidence that the immunogenicity and efficacy of current vaccines are related to the 56 intestinal microbiome 18 , 19 , 20 . Multiple studies have also shown that probiotic administration prior 57 to or concurrent with vaccination enhances B cell and antibody responses and provides the 58 mucosa with direct protection from infection through interactions with the innate immune 59 system 21 , 20 , 22 , 23 . Trials of both parenteral and nonparenteral vaccines, in conjunction with 60 probiotic administration, also point to probiotic bacteria as adjuvants 17 . The mechanisms behind 61 this phenomenon are incompletely understood but are likely due to probiotic surface structures 24 . 62This inherent adjuvanticity has led to the use of probiotics, typically lactic a...

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The Significance of the Intestinal Microbiome for Vaccinology: From Correlations to Therapeutic Applications

Cited by 21 publications

References 96 publications

Dual and mutual interaction between microbiota and viral infections: a possible treat for COVID-19

Dual and mutual interaction between microbiota and viral infections: a possible treat for COVID-19

Role of the Microbiota in the Modulation of Vaccine Immune Responses

Longitudinal impact of oral probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus vaccine strains on the immune response and gut microbiome of mice

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