The significance of γ-and λ-dislocations in transient states of phyllotaxis: how to get more from less – sometimes!

Zagórska‐Marek, Beata; Szpak, Marcin

doi:10.5586/asbp.3532

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The results of computer modeling confirm that phyllotactic transitions occur when primordia size changes in a specific manner with respect to the size of the SAM’s organogenic surface (Douady and Couder 1996 ; Szpak and Zagórska-Marek 2011 ; Zagórska-Marek and Szpak 2008 , 2016 ). In virtual magnolia, the changes in primordia size between the domains of the whorled trimerous perianth and spiral androecium explain the presence of trijugy, which is frequently encountered in real magnolia flowers (Zagórska-Marek 1994 ) but is rare among helical patterns in other plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In virtual magnolia, the changes in primordia size between the domains of the whorled trimerous perianth and spiral androecium explain the presence of trijugy, which is frequently encountered in real magnolia flowers (Zagórska-Marek 1994 ) but is rare among helical patterns in other plants. The computer simulations have also shown that when the change is slow, rather than abrupt as anticipated for the cases in which primordia identity changes, phyllotaxis remains qualitatively constant until the moment when small irregularities in primordia position, accumulating over a long period of time, introduce a new packing system (Zagórska-Marek and Szpak 2016 ). This suggests the importance of the initial primordia number in the history of the particular meristem and explains why phyllotaxis may sometimes change without a change in organ identity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Verbena officinalis Verbenaceae (Lamiales): a new plant model system for phyllotaxis research

2021

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Phyllotactic diversity and developmental transitions between phyllotactic patterns are not fully understood. The plants studied so far, such as Magnolia, Torreya or Abies, are not suitable for experimental work, and the most popular model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, does not show sufficient phyllotactic variability. It has been found that in common verbena (Verbena officinalis L.), a perennial, cosmopolitan plant, phyllotaxis differs not only between growth phases in primary transitions but also along the indeterminate inflorescence axis in a series of multiple secondary transitions. The latter are no longer associated with the change in lateral organ identity, and the sequence of phyllotactic patterns is puzzling from a theoretical point of view. Data from the experiments in silico, confronted with empirical observations, suggest that secondary transitions might be triggered by the cumulative effect of fluctuations in the continuously decreasing bract primordia size. The most important finding is that the changes in the primary vascular system, associated with phyllotactic transitions, precede those taking place at the apical meristem. This raises the question of the role of the vascular system in determining primordia initiation sites, and possibly challenges the autonomy of the apex. The results of this study highlight the complex relationships between various systems that have to coordinate their growth and differentiation in the developing plant shoot. Common verbena emerges from this research as a plant that may become a new model suitable for further studies on the causes of phyllotactic transitions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Verbena officinalis Verbenaceae (Lamiales): a new plant model system for phyllotaxis research

2021

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“…To elucidate the observed phenomena, we performed some in silico experiments using the latest version of Phyllotaxis software, written by Marcin Szpak (Zagórska-Marek & Szpak, 2016). The software allows quantitative and qualitative analysis of developmental changes in phyllotactic patterns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Integrity of Vascular System in Branching Units of Coniferous Shoot

Banasiak

Zagórska‐Marek

2020

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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In conifers with spiral phyllotaxis, two numbers: one of the vascular sympodia and the second of cortical resin canals, define the shoot anatomic diameter. This in turn reflects the size and vigor of the apical meristem. Both numbers belong to the mathematical series, associated with the shoot phyllotactic pattern. The number of canals is one step lower in a series than the number of sympodia. The first one, easier to determine, automatically defines the second. Using this protocol and screening the large number of branching shoots of selected conifers, we have discovered strong correlation between orientation of vascular sympodia in the lateral and supporting branches. There was no such correlation with regard to the chiral configurations of phyllotaxis. This finding reveals the presence of special phyllotactic compensation in the case of differences in anatomic diameter of the parental and lateral shoot under the imperative of maintaining the sympodia orientation within one branching unit. Phyllotaxis of the axillary apex is evidently not established at random but adapted to the condition of the subtending axis. The monopodial, regularly branching shoot of conifers is an attractive example of biological system, which is not a sum of independent, iteratively formed units. Rather, it appears to be an entity organized on hierarchically higher level, which emerges from coordination of developmental processes in a population of the units.

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“…The plant apical meristem where the primordia are tightly packed may be called by licentia poetica, a living crystal [69] (Figure 10). The similarity has been strengthened by the discovery that in phyllotactic lattices dislocations occur [68][69][70]. Single dislocation often changes not only a quality of the pattern but, most importantly, the chirality of ontogenetic helix (Figure 11).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mirror Symmetry of Life

Zagórska‐Marek¹

2021

Current Topics in Chirality - From Chemistry to Biology

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Functioning in the Earth gravity field imposes on living organisms a necessity to read directions. The characteristic feature of their bodies, regardless unicellular or multicellular, is axial symmetry. The development of body plan orchestrated by spatiotemporal changes in gene expression patterns is based on formation of the vertical and radial axes. Especially for immobile plants, anchored to the substrate, vertical axis is primary and most important. But also in animals the primary is the axis, which defines the anterior and posterior pole of the embryo. There are many little known chiral processes and structures that are left- or right oriented with respect to this axis. Recent developments indicate the role of intrinsic cell chirality that determines the direction of developmental chiral processes in living organisms. The still enigmatic events in cambia of trees and handedness of phyllotaxis as well as plant living crystals are in focus of the chapter.

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The significance of γ-and λ-dislocations in transient states of phyllotaxis: how to get more from less – sometimes!

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Verbena officinalis Verbenaceae (Lamiales): a new plant model system for phyllotaxis research

Verbena officinalis Verbenaceae (Lamiales): a new plant model system for phyllotaxis research

Structural Integrity of Vascular System in Branching Units of Coniferous Shoot

Mirror Symmetry of Life

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