The Silencing of U.S. Campuses Following the COVID-19 Response: Evaluating Root Mean Square Seismic Amplitudes Using Power Spectral Density Data

Guenaga, David L.; Marcillo, Omar; Velasco, A. A.; Chai, Chengping; Maceira, Mónica

doi:10.1785/0220200391

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The noise level is generally higher during 12-24 UTC (6-18 in local time) than 0-12 UTC (18-6 in local time) (Figures 12a and 12b). Similar day and night variations of seismic noise from the PSDs have been related to urban activities (Díaz et al, 2017;Guenaga et al, 2021;Jana et al, 2017). Since the FRS is located in a rural environment with minimal interference from urban noise, a significant portion of the seismic noise presumably comes from the injection activities in the study area.…”

Section: Persistent Noise Near the Injection Wellmentioning

confidence: 58%

Monitoring CO₂ Injection at the CaMI Field Research Station Using Microseismic Noise Sources

Lawton

et al. 2022

JGR Solid Earth

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Carbon capture, utilization and storage encompasses technologies to capture carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere or from industrial emission sites, and to subsequent recycle the captured CO 2 for exploring or determining safe and permanent storage options (Pacala & Socolow, 2004). A relatively mature option is injecting nearly pure CO 2 streams into geologic formations for long-term storage (Pires et al., 2011) which has demonstrated its effectiveness in a range of injection projects worldwide, including the Cranfield oilfield in the United

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Section: Persistent Noise Near the Injection Wellmentioning

confidence: 58%

Monitoring CO₂ Injection at the CaMI Field Research Station Using Microseismic Noise Sources

Lawton

et al. 2022

JGR Solid Earth

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“…These intricate signals are generally stronger during the day than at night, less intense on weekends than on weekdays, and more pronounced in urban areas than in rural areas [13,61,62]. Moreover, human activities can be influenced by inclement weather or traditional festivals [64,68,69]. As mentioned previously, the dominant frequency of cultural seismic noise ranges from 2 to 20 Hz in the GBA.…”

Section: Daily Human Activitymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Previous studies have shown that cultural seismic noise changes significantly during traditional festivals such as the Chinese Spring Festival [44,64], Christmas [13,69], and others. In our dataset, 120 stations recorded cultural seismic noise during the New Year's Days, a three-day holiday for Chinese citizens.…”

Section: Traditional Festivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing Human Activity of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area by Ambient Seismic Noise

Chen,

Xia

2023

Remote Sensing

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Effective monitoring of human activity in urban areas is essential for social stability and urban development. Traditional monitoring methods include wearable devices, survey sensor networks, and satellite remote sensing, which may be affected by privacy and weather conditions. Ambient seismic noise recorded by seismometers contains rich information about human activity and exhibits significant temporal and spatial variations, which provides valuable insights into social mobility. In this study, we investigated the correlation between human activity and ambient seismic noise in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) using the data recorded by 138 seismometers. Our results indicate that ambient seismic noise produced by human activity in the GBA is mainly concentrated between 2 and 20 Hz. The spatial distribution of ambient seismic noise exhibits a strong correlation with population and economy. Our results show that the analysis of ambient seismic noise can reveal the spatial and temporal impacts of different factors on human activity in the GBA, such as day and night, holidays, weather changes, national policies, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Furthermore, the analysis of 12-year-long ambient seismic noise at the Hong Kong seismic station shows a close connection between long-term changes in ambient seismic noise and local social development. This study suggests that the analysis of ambient seismic noise represents a novel method to gather critical information about human activity. Seismometers, which are widely deployed worldwide, have great potential as innovative tools for sensing human activity.

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“…Previous works in other countries compare the temporal variability between ASN and other observables such as mobility data from cell phone displacements in northern Italy (Poli et al, 2020), Río de Janeiro, Brazil (Dias et al, 2020), Sicily, Italy (Cannata et al, 2021), Auckland, New Zealand (van Wijk et al, 2021, Barcelona, Spain (Diaz et al, 2021), andQuerétaro, México (De Plaen et al, 2021). In addition, Xiao et al (2020) reported cultural noise changes in China, and Guenaga et al (2021) distinguished significant ASN reductions in academic institutions across the United States. These observations reveal the effect of mobility restrictions imprinted on geophysical measurements worldwide, where the pandemic caused one of the quietest recorded periods on Earth with a 50 % reduction in seismic noise (Denolle and Nissen-Meyer, 2020;Lecocq et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic noise variability as an indicator of urban mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Santiago metropolitan region, Chile

Ojeda

Ruiz

2021

Solid Earth

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Abstract. On 3 March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Chile. Since then, the Ministry of Health has imposed mobility restrictions, a global policy implemented to mitigate the propagation of the virus. The national seismic network operating throughout Chile provides an opportunity to monitor the ambient seismic noise (ASN) and determine the effectiveness of public policies imposed to reduce urban mobility in the major cities. Herein, we analyse temporal variations in high-frequency ASN recorded by broadband and strong-motion instruments deployed throughout the main cities of Chile. We focus on the capital, Santiago, a city with more than 7 million inhabitants because it is seismically well instrumented and has high levels of urban mobility due to worker commutes inside the region. We observed strong similarities between anthropogenic seismic noise and human mobility indicators, as shown in the difference between urban and rural amplitudes, long-term variations, and variability due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The same results are observed in other cities such as Iquique, La Serena, and Concepción. Our findings suggest that the initially implemented public health policies and the early end to confinement in mid-April 2020 in the metropolitan region caused an increase in mobility and virus transmission, where the peak in anthropogenic seismic noise coincides with the peak of the effective reproductive number from confirmed positive cases of COVID-19. These results confirm that seismic networks are capable of recording the urban mobility of population within cities, and we show that continuous monitoring of ASN can quantify urban mobility. Finally, we suggest that real-time changes in ASN amplitudes should be considered part of public health policy in further protocols in Santiago and other high-density cities of the world, as has been useful during the recent pandemic.

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The Silencing of U.S. Campuses Following the COVID-19 Response: Evaluating Root Mean Square Seismic Amplitudes Using Power Spectral Density Data

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Monitoring CO₂ Injection at the CaMI Field Research Station Using Microseismic Noise Sources

Monitoring CO₂ Injection at the CaMI Field Research Station Using Microseismic Noise Sources

Sensing Human Activity of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area by Ambient Seismic Noise

Seismic noise variability as an indicator of urban mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Santiago metropolitan region, Chile

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The Silencing of U.S. Campuses Following the COVID-19 Response: Evaluating Root Mean Square Seismic Amplitudes Using Power Spectral Density Data

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Monitoring CO2 Injection at the CaMI Field Research Station Using Microseismic Noise Sources

Monitoring CO2 Injection at the CaMI Field Research Station Using Microseismic Noise Sources

Sensing Human Activity of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area by Ambient Seismic Noise

Seismic noise variability as an indicator of urban mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Santiago metropolitan region, Chile

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Monitoring CO₂ Injection at the CaMI Field Research Station Using Microseismic Noise Sources

Monitoring CO₂ Injection at the CaMI Field Research Station Using Microseismic Noise Sources