The similarity of lower-case letters of the English alphabet

Dunn‐Rankin, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(68)80057-x

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This might be due to the greater visual distinctiveness of uppercase letters in all alphabets, and the more frequent appearance of these letters in bold type in children's books, titles, labels and names. In any case, the significant role of perceptual factors in letter recognition by preschoolers was documented years ago (Dunn-Rankin, 1968;Gibson, Osser, & Pick, 1963). Moreover the superiority of uppercase over lowercase letter knowledge might be due to a teaching effect.…”

Section: Uppercase and Lowercase Letter Knowledgementioning

confidence: 97%

Letter-name letter-sound and phonological awareness: evidence from Greek-speaking kindergarten children

Manolitsis

Tafa

2009

Read Writ

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The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinally the development of letter-sound and letter-name knowledge and their relation to each other and to various aspects of phonological awareness in a sample of Greek kindergarten children who did not know how to read. One hundred twenty children aged 58-69 months were assessed on letter-sound and letter-name knowledge, as well as on phonological awareness skills at the beginning, the middle and the end of kindergarten. The findings indicated that: (a) kindergarten children knew more letter-sounds than letter-names in almost every case across the assessment points; (b) letter-sound knowledge predicted letter-name knowledge slightly better than vice versa; (c) phonological awareness was associated directly with later lettersound and letter-name knowledge, and (d) the bidirectional hypothesis between phonological awareness and letters knowledge was not confirmed.

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Section: Uppercase and Lowercase Letter Knowledgementioning

confidence: 97%

Letter-name letter-sound and phonological awareness: evidence from Greek-speaking kindergarten children

Manolitsis

Tafa

2009

Read Writ

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“…As predicted, response latencies were longer and errors were more frequent for confusable than for nonconfusable NI and DIFF pairs, whereas performance for PI pairs did not vary significantly as a function of confusability. However, the letters constituting their confusable and nonconfusable sets, B, D, P, T and F, I, M, Q, respectively, appear to differ in visual as well as acoustic similarity (Dunn-Rankin, 1968;Podgorny & Garner, 1979;Townsend, 1971aTownsend, , 1971b. Thus, the effects of "confusability" in this study could have resulted from the visual and/or the acoustic similarity of the letters used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An interpretation of age-related differences in letter-matching performance

Lindholm

Parkinson

1983

Perception & Psychophysics

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Comparisons were made of the response latencies of old (mean age = 69.2 years) and young (mean age = 26.8 years) subjects on simple and choice reaction time (RT) tasks and "physical identity" (PI) and "name identity" (NI) trials of a letter-matching task. Young subjects were faster than old subjects on all tasks, and the absolute difference between groups increased with processing complexity (simple RT < choice RT < PI < NI). However, in support of the hypothesis that aging is associated with a general reduction in processing speed, the relative difference between groups did not vary with task, except for a subset of the NI trials. Response latencies for the NI trials varied with stimulus letter for both age groups, but the magnitude of the letter effect was greater for the elderly. Their latencies were disproportionately long for the more difficult letters. A second experiment showed that NI latency reflected the visual similarity of the letters with respect to the other letters in the stimulus set. It is suggested, therefore, that the NI letter effect resulted from differences in letter identification time. The disproportionately long latencies of the elderly for the visually similar letters are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that aging is associated with an increase in internal noise.283

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“…Obviously, one of these axes is the presence of an upstroke or downstroke. Further research should aim at determining whether the b-d-p-q cluster is special in some respect or if other clusters exist, organised along other axes, as shown by Dunn-Rankin (1968) in letter recognition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Writing without Graphic Motor Patterns: A Case of Dysgraphia for Letters and Digits Sparing Shorthand Writing

Zesiger¹,

Martory²,

Mayer³

1997

Cognitive Neuropsychology

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This paper reports the case of a patient (HP) who presents a dysgraphia affecting the production of letters and digits while sparing shorthand writing. HP's writing impairment is two-fold. On one hand, HP produces systematic letter substitutions affecting exclusively lower-case letters b, p, d, and q. Such confusions are also observed in tasks assessing the mental imagery of letters and the processing of visually presented, isolated letters. This deficit is attributed to a circumscribed disruption of allographic representations. On the other hand, HP can write correctly formed letters and digits but the production of these symbols is slow and nonfluent. This disturbance was investigated by using a digitising tablet to record movements performed in grapho-motor production. The results of the analysis of temporal and kinematic indices suggest that graphic motor patterns of letters and digits are no longer available to this patient, whereas motor patterns underlying the production of shorthand seem unaffected. It is suggested that there are two ways for producing spatially well-formed symbols. One route is mediated by graphic motor patterns and the other by a motor planning system that would be used in other tasks involving the generation of 2D trajectories (as in drawing or in tracing unfamiliar symbols).

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The similarity of lower-case letters of the English alphabet

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Letter-name letter-sound and phonological awareness: evidence from Greek-speaking kindergarten children

Letter-name letter-sound and phonological awareness: evidence from Greek-speaking kindergarten children

An interpretation of age-related differences in letter-matching performance

Writing without Graphic Motor Patterns: A Case of Dysgraphia for Letters and Digits Sparing Shorthand Writing

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