“…Function and spatial derivative approximations are performed using the theory of integral interpolants based on kernel or weight functions. Recently, SPH has been successfully applied to study many different fluid flow problems such as gravity currents [23], propagation of impulsive waves due to landslides [2], wave interactions with porous media [29], ground flow simulation [21], free surface viscoelastic flows [24], droplet collisions [13], multiphase flows [25], wave-structure interaction [34], fluid-elastic structure interactions [18], the simulation of some chemotactic bacteria patterns in liquid medium using a generalized SPH method [7] and free surface flow over pivot weirs [22]. Because of the practical aspects and complex nature of fluid flows, many different studies have been accomplished to address some intrinsic challenges of numerical methods in dealing with such problems.…”