The simultaneous release of histamine and a histamine‐destroying factor during anaphylaxis in rats

Abstract

Mota (1957Mota ( , 1958 has demonstrated that the concentration of histamine in the plasma of rats is increased during anaphylactic shock. He used alum-precipitated horse serum or Bordetella (haemophilu8) pertU8sis vaccine as adjuvants to aid the development of the supersensitivity. Maruno (1958b) has shown that the concentration of histamine in the whole blood of rats previously injected with horse serum alone is greater after challenge with the serum than in control unsensitized animals. The objectives of this study were, first, to confirm the release of histamine during anaphylactic shock in pertussis-vaccinated rats; secondly, to explore the possibility of a simultaneous release of a histamine-destroying factor in such rats as has been shown already for rabbits by Rose & Leger (1952); and, finally, to determine whether release of histamine and a histamine-destroying factor occurred in anaphylactic shock in rats rendered susceptible to sensitization by adrenalectomy instead of by the use of adjuvants. METHODSHealthy white male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, weighing 150-250 g, were used in all experiments. The intact animals were sensitized by a single intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg crystalline ovalbumin dissolved in 1 ml. NaCl solution, 0-9 g/100 ml. This was combined in the syringe for injection with 05 ml. of a saline suspension of phase-i Bordetella (haemophilus) pertussis vaccine containing approximately 30 x 109 killed pertussis organisms. The adrenalectomized rats were sensitized by the subcutaneous injection of 0-5 ml. of sterile horse serum given on four consecutive days without the addition of pertussis vaccine. Rats sensitized to ovalbumin were challenged by the intravenous injection of 3-7 mg of the crystalline protein dissolved in 0-25-058 ml. of 0-9 % NaCl solution. One millilitre of the undiluted horse serum was used as the challenging intravenous injection for the adrenalectomized animals.Anaesthesia was induced by the inhalation of ether or by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium 4 mg/100 g body weight. The adrenal glands were removed through a single dorsal mid line incision at the level of the kidneys. The glands were approached 14PHYSIO. CLVI

Immune Reactions to <i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</i> in the Rat

“…Considering the 418 G iertz/G lanzmann/K eller fact that, in the present experiments, blood was collected only 60 min after challenge in most cases, the concentrations of circulating histamine were rather high. The mean concentration of histamine found in the blood of both normal and shocked rats was of the same order as that reported by other workers [2,10,14]. These data were extended by results of histamine levels in animals challenged after pretreatment with compound 48/80; here, plasma histamine concentrations were only slightly increased.…”

Histamine Release in vivo during Anaphylaxis in Mice

“…The relationship of histamine to anaphylaxis in mice and rats, however, remains un solved as these species are comparatively less sensitive to pharma cological actions of histamine. Release of histamine and serotonin have been actually detected during anaphylaxis in rats (3,4,5), but similar experiments in mice led to unconclusive results (6). The extensive mast cell disruption known to occur during mouse anaphylaxis (7,8) is highly suggestive of histamine release.…”

Role of Toxic Factors in Anaphylactic Shock of Rats. I.

“…During anaphylactic shock in rats a histamine destroying factor can be demonstrated in the blood, a factor which seems to be a diamino oxydase (histaminase) (28)(29). According to the results by B o r e u s (9), histaminase appears during the mast cell destruction (9).…”