The Situation of Situation Research: Knowns and Unknowns

Rauthmann, John F.; Sherman, Ryne A.

doi:10.1177/0963721420925546

Cited by 51 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Third, multiple approaches highlight the importance of environmental variables such as situations for the understanding of dynamics (e.g., Blum et al, 2018; Heller, Perunovic, & Reichman, 2009; Mischel & Shoda, 1995; Rauthmann, 2020a; Tett & Guterman, 2000; Wessels, Zimmermann, & Leising, 2016). For instance, Rauthmann (2020a) has systematized four types of person–environment relations (correlations, interactions, fits, transactions), and studying them has been facilitated by recent empirical and conceptual advances in the area of psychological situation research (e.g., Rauthmann, Horstmann, & Sherman, 2020; Rauthmann & Sherman, 2020).…”

Section: Contemporary Theoretical Dynamics‐focused Approaches In Persmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To gain a fuller picture of human functioning, it is important to assess not only variables pertaining to the person but also to the environment (Rauthmann, 2020a). The assessment of situational variables has made substantial progress over the last decade (Horstmann, Rauthmann, & Sherman, 2018; Rauthmann et al, 2020; Rauthmann & Sherman, 2020). Same as for the assessment of states, different types of information and data sources are relevant for the assessment of situations.…”

Section: Principles Of Empirical Research On Personality Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of personality: An overview of the field

Kuper

Modersitzki

Phan

et al. 2021

British J of Psychology

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Personality psychology has long focused on structural trait models, but it can also offer a rich understanding of the dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of individual differences or entire persons. The field of personality dynamics, which works towards such an understanding, has experienced a renaissance in the last two decades. This review article seeks to act as a primer of that field. It covers its historical roots, summarizes current research strands – along with their theoretical backbones and methodologies – in an accessible way, and sketches some considerations for the future. In doing so, we introduce relevant concepts, give an overview of different topics and phenomena subsumed under the broad umbrella term ‘dynamics’, and highlight the interdisciplinarity as well as applied relevance of the field. We hope this article can serve as a useful overview for scholars within and outside of personality psychology who are interested in the dynamic nature of human behaviour and experience.

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Section: Contemporary Theoretical Dynamics‐focused Approaches In Persmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Principles Of Empirical Research On Personality Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of personality: An overview of the field

Kuper

Modersitzki

Phan

et al. 2021

British J of Psychology

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“…Rauthmann and Sherman (2018) examined the empirical and theoretical convergences between the CAPTION and DIAMONDS dimensions and concluded that five replicable common dimensions could be retrieved (i.e., Negative Valence/Adversity, Adversity/Negativity, Importance/Duty, Complexity/Intellect, and Positive Valence/pOsitivity). More recently, Rauthmann and Sherman (2020) reviewed the overlap between the DIAMONDS and CAPTION dimensions and five other taxonomies of psychological situation characteristics that have been developed in the last decade. This suggested the existence of not five but six main situation dimensions: the five dimensions found in their previous work and an additional factor involving the mundaneness of the situation.…”

Section: Situation Characteristics and Taxonomiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent surge in interest in the description of everyday situations resulted in various independent efforts that have led to (at least) two main comprehensive, psychologically relevant taxonomies of situation characteristics that subsume the gamut of important characteristics (for reviews and integrations, see Horstmann et al., 2018; Rauthmann, Horstmann, et al., 2020; Rauthmann & Sherman, 2018, 2020). The empirically based DIAMONDS dimensions describe situations based on their level of Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity, Negativity, Deception, and Sociality (Rauthmann et al., 2014), while the lexically based CAPTION dimensions describe situations based on their level of Complexity, Adversity, Positive Valence, Typicality, Importance, humOr, and Negative Valence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Person-situation dynamics in educational contexts: A self- and other-rated experience sampling study of teachers’ states, traits, and situations

2021

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The situations people find themselves in and how they experience them is fundamental to a host of life and work outcomes. However, most research has so far only relied on self-reports and is thus not able to disentangle different situation components. The present study therefore examined the dynamics between self- and other-rated situation characteristics, personality traits, and personality states in an educational setting. One hundred and seventy-three student teachers ( n = 2244–2261 observations) and 94 supervisors ( n = 1110–1122 observations) participated in a 13- or 14-day experience sampling study during student teachers’ internships and rated situations and teachers’ personality states twice daily. Answering three research questions yielded that (1) self-rated traits were mostly not associated with self- or supervisor-rated situation characteristics; (2) self- and supervisor-rated situation characteristics predicted self- and supervisor-rated personality state expressions (although effects were largest for same-rater associations); and (3) there were no interaction effects of traits and situation characteristics on personality state expressions. These results have important theoretical and applied implications as they advance our understanding of person-situation dynamics in an applied setting and suggest that associations between situations and personality states are not solely attributable to common rater effects.

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“…A reason for the relatively low contribution of the DIAMONDS dimensions to the annoyance perception may be that all participants rated individual sound situations and incorporated high diversity in objective environmental characteristics that were assessed-in the worst case-only once. The situational variables then become individual perceptions, i.e., personal variables (Rauthmann and Sherman, 2020). This represents a particular challenge for online studies and more valid field studies that must capture situations in a way that reduces otherwise enormous diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Evaluations of Low-Level Sounds in Everyday Situations Using Linear Machine Learning for Variable Selection

et al. 2020

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Human sound evaluations not only depend on the characteristics of the sound but are also driven by factors related to the listener and the situation. Our research aimed to investigate crucial factors influencing the perception of low-level sounds as theyin addition to the often-researched loud-level sounds-might be decisive to people's quality of life and health. We conducted an online study in which 1,301 participants reported on up to three everyday situations in which they perceived low-level sounds, resulting in a total of 2,800 listening situations. Participants rated the sounds' perceived loudness, timbre, and tonality. Additionally, they described the listening situations employing situational eight dimensions and reported their affective states. All sounds were then assigned to the categories natural, human, and technical. Linear models suggest a significant difference of annoyance ratings across sound categories for binary loudness levels. The ability to mentally fade-out sound was the most crucial situational variable after valence, arousal, and the situation dimensions positivity and negativity. We ultimately selected the most important factors from a large number of independent variables by applying the percentile least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regularization method. The resulting linear regression showed that this novel machine-learning variable-selection technique is applicable in hypothesis testing of noise effects and soundscape research. The typical problems of overfitting and multicollinearity that occur when many situational and personal variables are involved were overcome. This study provides an extensive database of evaluated everyday sounds and listening situations, offering an enormous test power. Our machine learning approach, whose application leads to comprehensive models for the prediction of sound perception, is available for future study designs aiming to model sound perception and evaluation.

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The Situation of Situation Research: Knowns and Unknowns

Cited by 51 publications

References 31 publications

The dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of personality: An overview of the field

The dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of personality: An overview of the field

Person-situation dynamics in educational contexts: A self- and other-rated experience sampling study of teachers’ states, traits, and situations

Modeling Evaluations of Low-Level Sounds in Everyday Situations Using Linear Machine Learning for Variable Selection

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