The Size Distributions of Ambient Air Metallic Pollutants by Using a Multi-Stage MOUDI Sampler

Fang, Guor‐Cheng; Chang, Chia-Ying; Tsai, Jen-Hsiung; Lin, Chih‐Chung

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2013.05.0139

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They can cover a very wide particle size range from a few nanometers to tens of micrometers (Vanderpool et al 1987;Marple et al 1991; de la Mora and Schmidt-Ott 1993; Ude and de la Mora 2003;Arffman et al 2015). Traditional impactors typically require sampling for long periods of time, so that the aerosol mass collected on the impaction substrate of each stage can be weighed, and can also be used for quantitative chemical composition analysis (Fang et al 2014;Olson et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel quartz crystal cascade impactor for real-time aerosol mass distribution measurement

Chen

Romay

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based instrument has been developed for real-time aerosol mass distribution measurement. It includes two key components: a six-stage QCM micro-orifice cascade impactor and a novel relative humidity (RH) conditioner. This instrument operates at a flow rate of 10 L¢min ¡1 and measures the mass of the collected particles in six aerodynamic diameter channels between 45 nm and 2.5 mm. The RH conditioner ensures that the aerosol particles are collected at an RH between 40% and 65%, which is critical for eliminating particle bounce and for ensuring optimal particle coupling with the QCM. The nozzles of the impactors are clustered in the center of the nozzle plates. Therefore, particles are deposited on the central electrode of the QCM, where the mass calculated from first principles (i.e., Sauerbrey equation) agrees with the actual collected mass. The QCM response is linear up to around 130 mg for solid particles and up to around 2 mg for liquid particles. The collection efficiency curves of the QCM impactor stages were measured experimentally with monodisperse aerosols, and the results agree with the predictions of established impactor theory. This QCM-based instrument has also been tested with ambient aerosols with varying temperature and relative humidity. The aerosol distributions measured by this new instrument are in good agreement with simultaneous independent measurements carried out with a wide-range particle spectrometer (MSP Model 1000XP WPS).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel quartz crystal cascade impactor for real-time aerosol mass distribution measurement

Chen

Romay

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…In the atmosphere, Hg is generally found in three different chemical forms: (i) gaseous elemental mercury (GEM, Hg o ), (ii) reactive gaseous mercury (RGM, Hg II ), and (iii) particle-bound mercury (PBM, Hg p ). − Among these three forms, GEM is the most abundant (∼95–97%). Because of its chemical inertness, insolubility in water, and high volatility, GEM is subjected to long-distance transport in the atmosphere and it has become a global pollutant, with an atmospheric residence time of about 2 years. ,,, GEM may react photochemically with OH, NO 3 , or O 3 in urban atmospheres or with Br and Cl in marine atmospheres, yielding RGM and/or PBM, which possess lifetime of about days to few weeks, being much more easily removed by dry and wet deposition, which could potentially induce health-related problems. ,,− Additionally, RGM and PBM could also be primarily released from different sources. Because of their very low atmospheric concentrations, measuring RGM and PBM is a challenge and this may be contributing to their underestimation in the atmospheric environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Main biogenic sources are Hg releasing from natural weathering of rocks, volcanic eruptions, emissions from the oceans, geothermal sources, and nonintentional forest fires. ,,− In turn, man-made sources are mainly related to either exploration or burning of coal, oil, gasoline, and diesel as well as from mining, smelting and steel industries, biomass burning, and automobile emissions. ,,,− However, in urban areas, a prominent Hg source is fossil fuel burning or traffic-related, ,, in which Hg is likely emitted in both particulate and gaseous phases. Indeed, PBM is generally more preferentially concentrated in smaller particles (i.e., PM 2.5 ), which is a potential risk factor to human health. ,,, However, given the diversity of anthropogenic Hg sources around the world, traffic-related fine particulate Hg emissions in urban areas have been paid less attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine and Coarse Particle-Bound Mercury in (Bio)fuels and Biodiesel/Diesel Exhaust under Real World Circumstances

et al. 2020

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In order to better understand the role of Hg in the atmosphere, in this work, we investigated how much Hg is found in the Urban Dust reference material SRM1649b, in outdoor PM 2.5 and PM 10 samples, in samples freshly and directly emitted by heavy-duty vehicles, and in blended and unblended biodiesel and fossil diesel fuels (B0, B4, B7, B12, and B100). In the SRM1649b analysis, we found Hg at 1.75 ± 0.01 mg kg −1 , which is equivalent to more than 97.2% recovery when compared to the certified value. Particulate Hg in ambient samples was 1.82 ± 0.87 μg g −1 (site 3, Itaparica, ITA) to 9.11 ± 4.17 μg g −1 (site 1, Navy Base of Aratu, BNA) for PM 2.5 and 1.31 ± 0.89 μg g −1 (ITA) to 3.57 ± 1.25 μg g −1 (BNA), for PM 10 . In order to evaluate particulate Hg emissions under near real-life conditions, we collected PM 2.5 and PM 10 samples from an underground floor bus station. Total Hg levels for the bus station were 2.90 ± 1.15 μg g −1 for PM 2.5 and 2.19 ± 1.00 μg g −1 for PM 10 . Either in the bus station or ambient samples, we found that the PM 2.5 mass is about 60% of the PM 10 mass, which explains why particulate-bound Hg is mainly found in fine particles. With regard to fuels, the Hg levels were found to be B0 (0.83 μg kg −1 ), B4 (0.38 μg kg −1 ), B7 (0.50−1.10 μg kg −1 ), B12 (0.03−1.29 μg kg −1 ), and B100 (0.19 μg kg −1 ). Therefore, these results show that adding more biodiesel to diesel gradually decreases the Hg amount in the final blend. Risk assessment through inhalation was done for adults, adolescents, children, and infants. Although the highest daily inhalation exposure (DIE) values were observed for the bus station and the lowest DIE values were found to be from ITA, the risk levels are considered low.

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Particulates and particulates-bound mercury (Hg(p)) sizes (PM18, PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM<1) distributions study by using MOUDI sampler at a complex sampling site

Fang

Kao

Huang

et al. 2019

Environ Geochem Health

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The Size Distributions of Ambient Air Metallic Pollutants by Using a Multi-Stage MOUDI Sampler

Abstract: Particle concentrations of metallic elements in ambient air were determined using a micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI).

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

A novel quartz crystal cascade impactor for real-time aerosol mass distribution measurement

A novel quartz crystal cascade impactor for real-time aerosol mass distribution measurement

Fine and Coarse Particle-Bound Mercury in (Bio)fuels and Biodiesel/Diesel Exhaust under Real World Circumstances

Particulates and particulates-bound mercury (Hg(p)) sizes (PM18, PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM<1) distributions study by using MOUDI sampler at a complex sampling site

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