The size of monomers of dust aggregates in planet-forming disks

Tazaki, Ryo; Dominik, C.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243485

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…In such a scenario, results may be improved by utilizing a more appropriate polarization curve in place of Equation (4). This may be particularly relevant for observations at optical wavelengths, where fractional polarization curves can take more complex "rippled" shapes for some compositions (e.g., for the case of amorphous carbons in Tazaki & Dominik 2022).…”

Section: Considerations and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks ^*

Lawson

Currie

Wisniewski

et al. 2022

ApJL

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High-contrast imaging presents us with the opportunity to study circumstellar disks and the planets still embedded within them, providing key insights into the formation and evolution of planetary systems. However, the postprocessing techniques that are often needed to suppress stellar halo light typically result in significant and variable loss of circumstellar light, even when using relatively conservative approaches like reference star differential imaging (RDI). We introduce “constrained reference star differential imaging” (constrained RDI), a new class of RDI point-spread-function (PSF) subtraction techniques for systems with circumstellar disks. Constrained RDI utilizes either high-resolution polarized-intensity (PI) images or disk models to severely limit or even eliminate the signal loss due to oversubtraction that is common to RDI. We demonstrate the ability of constrained RDI utilizing polarimetric data to yield an oversubtraction-free detection of the AB Aurigae protoplanetary disk in total intensity. PI-constrained RDI allows us to decisively recover the spectral signature of the confirmed, recently discovered protoplanet, AB Aurigae b. We further demonstrate that constrained RDI can be a powerful analysis tool for soon-to-be-acquired James Webb Space Telescope coronagraphic imaging of disks. In both cases, constrained RDI provides analysis-ready products that enable more detailed studies of disks and more robust verification of embedded exoplanets.

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Section: Considerations and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks ^*

Lawson

Currie

Wisniewski

et al. 2022

ApJL

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“…Coagulation instability will be inefficient in such a case. However, Tazaki & Dominik (2022) recently suggested that a monomer size is no greater than 0.4 μm based on optical and near-infrared polarimetric observations of several planet-forming disks. We thus expect that the above reference values are valid.…”

Section: On the Critical Fragmentation Velocity And Turbulence Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the monomer size is larger, the critical energy for separating monomers in contact becomes smaller (e.g., Johnson et al 1971;Chokshi et al 1993), which makes the critical velocity smaller (e.g., Dominik & Tielens 1997;Wada et al 2007Wada et al , 2008. According to a recent study by Tazaki & Dominik (2022), optical and near-infrared polarimetric observations suggest that a monomer size is no greater than 0.4 μm. Thus, the critical velocity can be roughly three times lower than the above value (e.g., see Equation (8) in Wada et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Outcome of Coagulation Instability in Protoplanetary Disks. II. Dust-ring Formation Mediated by Backreaction and Fragmentation

Tominaga

Tanaka

Kobayashi

et al. 2022

ApJ

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In our previous work (Paper I), we demonstrated that coagulation instability results in dust concentration against depletion due to the radial drift and accelerates dust growth locally. In this work (Paper II), we perform numerical simulations of coagulation instability taking into account effects of backreaction to gas and collisional fragmentation of dust grains. We find that the slowdown of the dust drift due to backreaction regulates dust concentration in the nonlinear growth phase of coagulation instability. The dust-to-gas surface density ratio increases from 10−3 up to ∼10−2. Each resulting dust ring tends to have a mass of ≃0.5 M ⊕ − 1.5 M ⊕ in our disk model. In contrast to Paper I, the dust surface density profile shows a local plateau structure at each dust ring. In spite of the regulation at the nonlinear growth, the efficient dust concentration reduces their collision velocity. As a result, dust grains can grow beyond the fragmentation barrier, and the dimensionless stopping time reaches unity, as in Paper I. The necessary condition for the efficient dust growth is (1) weak turbulence of α < 1 × 10−3 and (2) a large critical velocity for dust fragmentation (>1 m s−1). The efficient dust concentration in outer regions will reduce the inward pebble flux and is expected to decelerate the planet formation via the pebble accretion. We also find that the resulting rings can be unstable to secular gravitational instability (GI). The subsequent secular GI promotes planetesimal formation. We thus expect that a combination of these instabilities is a promising mechanism for dust-ring and planetesimal formation.

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“…4. This may be particularly relevant for observations at optical wavelengths, where fractional polarization curves can take more complex "rippled" shapes for some compositions (e.g., for the case of amorphous carbons in Tazaki & Dominik 2022).…”

Section: Considerations and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-Fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks

Lawson¹,

Currie²,

Wisniewski³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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High-contrast imaging presents us with the opportunity to study circumstellar disks and the planets still embedded within them -providing key insights into the formation and evolution of planetary systems. However, the post-processing techniques that are often needed to suppress stellar halo light typically result in significant and variable loss of circumstellar light, even when using relatively conservative approaches like reference star differential imaging (RDI). We introduce "constrained reference star differential imaging" (constrained RDI), a new class of RDI point spread function (PSF)-subtraction techniques for systems with circumstellar disks. Constrained RDI utilizes either high-resolution polarized intensity (PI) images or disk models to severely limit or even eliminate the signal loss due to oversubtraction that is common to RDI.We demonstrate the ability of constrained RDI utilizing polarimetric data to yield an oversubtractionfree detection of the AB Aurigae protoplanetary disk in total intensity. PI-constrained RDI allows us to decisively recover the spectral signature of the confirmed, recently-discovered protoplanet, AB Aurigae b (Currie et al. 2022). We further demonstrate that constrained RDI can be a powerful analysis tool for soon-to-be-acquired James Webb Space Telescope coronagraphic imaging of disks. In both cases, constrained RDI provides analysis-ready products that enable more detailed studies of disks and more robust verification of embedded exoplanets.

show abstract

The size of monomers of dust aggregates in planet-forming disks

Cited by 33 publications

References 126 publications

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks ^*

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks ^*

Nonlinear Outcome of Coagulation Instability in Protoplanetary Disks. II. Dust-ring Formation Mediated by Backreaction and Fragmentation

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-Fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks

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The size of monomers of dust aggregates in planet-forming disks

Cited by 33 publications

References 126 publications

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks *

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks *

Nonlinear Outcome of Coagulation Instability in Protoplanetary Disks. II. Dust-ring Formation Mediated by Backreaction and Fragmentation

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-Fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks

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Product

Resources

About

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks ^*

Constrained Reference Star Differential Imaging: Enabling High-fidelity Imagery of Highly Structured Circumstellar Disks ^*