“…61 The skin is rich in antigenpresenting cells, with dermal dendritic cells and Langerhans cells in the epidermis, and harbors an extensive lymphatic network. 62,63 Needle-free disposable syringe injectors can reduce needle-stick injuries. Microneedles, vaccine-loaded small micron-sized needle patches, are being studied, allowing for precise delivery into the dermal layers.…”