The Skin Sebum and Moisture Levels of Children with Allergic Diseases: How Predictive Are They for House Dust Mite Allergy?

Abstract

The aim was to evaluate the prediction of house dust mite allergy in children diagnosed with allergic disease based on their skin moisture and sebum levels. This is a case–control study including children with asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis (AD) and a healthy control group. The participants’ skin moisture and sebum levels were measured non-invasively using a digital device. A total of 421 patients and 143 healthy children were included. The median value of skin moisture percentage was statistically significantly lower in asthma, AR, and AD patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001 for each). The median value of skin sebum percentage was significantly lower in asthma and AD patients compared to the control group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). ROC analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of skin moisture percentage for house dust mite allergy in respiratory allergic diseases (asthma and AR) and AD separately. Using a cut-off point of 35.5% for skin moisture in asthma and AR patients, the sensitivity and specificity were 81.3% and 56.5%, respectively. Although the specificity is low, the high sensitivity value is promising. The non-invasive measurement of skin sebum and moisture could provide convenience to clinicians in the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases.