The skin ulceration disease in cultivated juveniles of Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata)

Becker, Pierre; Gillan, David; Lanterbecq, Déborah; Jangoux, Michel; Rasolofonirina, Richard; Rakotovao, J.; Eeckhaut, Igor

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.018

Cited by 71 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although we do not have evidence for a causal link, the manifestation of the disease is strikingly similar to that previously described for Vibrio-implicated mass mortalities of various marine invertebrate groups (Eckert et al, 2000;Kushmaro et al, 2001;Becker et al, 2004), with Vibrio abundance often coupled to increased water temperatures (Kaspar & Tamplin, 1993;Pfeffer et al, 2003). Future work is needed to investigate a causal link between the disease and individual bacteria found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Although thermal stress can induce higher levels of resistance in the host, the growth rate of pathogenic bacteria can increase, and an infection become established before host resistance is maximal (Ward, 2007). In contrast to the numerous tropical reef studies of sessile species, relatively little information exists about thermal induced diseases and potential pathogens in temperate mobile invertebrate populations (Eckert, 2000;Farto et al, 2003;Becker et al, 2004). Observations of the mass mortality of Astropecten observed along the Costa Colostrai and the Costa Rei in September 2005 and the results of the laboratory experiment presented here, serve as an example that mobile invertebrates are also sensitive to increased sea surface temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temperature induced disease in the starfish Astropecten jonstoni

Staehli

Schaerer

Hoelzle

et al. 2009

Mar. Biodivers. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature induced disease in the starfish Astropecten jonstoni

Staehli

Schaerer

Hoelzle

et al. 2009

Mar. Biodivers. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Vibrio harveyi may be the pathogen of affected holothurians off Bribie Island, Australia (Morgan 2000). Vibrio spp., Bacteroides spp., and Alphaproteobacterium were isolated from lesions of sea cucumbers off Madagascar (Becker et al 2004). In the present and our previous work, we demonstrated that Aeromonas salmonicida ssp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Purification, virulence and characterization of an extracellular peptidase produced by Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida isolated from cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Yang

Zhan

Zhou³

et al. 2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Strain H1, Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida isolated from an ulcer on the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus proved to be virulent toward this holothurian at 12°C. Extracellular products (ECP) of strain H1 were prepared, and an extracellular peptidase of 42 kDa was purified from the ECP using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography and diethylaminoethyl Sepharose ion exchange chromatography. Stepwise virulence tests on sea cucumbers indicated that the 42 kDa peptidase was the virulence factor of strain H1, and its LD 50 for these holothurians was 1.12 µg g -1 .A peptidase activity test using azocasein as a substrate showed that optimum pH and temperature for the peptidase are 8.0 and 40°C, respectively; the peptidase was completely inactivated above 70°C. The peptidase was inhibited strongly by 5 mM phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride, indicating that the enzyme is a serine peptidase.KEY WORDS: Sea cucumber · Bacterial ulceration disease · Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida · Extracellular peptidase Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 82: [223][224][225][226][227][228][229] 2008 losses in grow-out farms, it is essential to identify the main pathogenic mechanism of this bacterium in order to develop efficient strategies for preventing outbreaks of disease. Several potential virulence factors of A. salmonicida ssp. salmonicida and A. salmonicida ssp. achromogenes have been reported to date, including the surface A-layer protein (Chu et al. 1991), hemolysins (Hirono & Aoki 1993), H-lysin (Titball & Munn 1985) and peptidase (Whitby et al. 1992, Austin & Austin 1993, Gudmundsdóttir et al. 1995, but there is still no report on the causative agent of the disease caused by A. salmonicida ssp. masoucida. Our previous study showed that extracellular products (ECP) of strain H1 were lethal to sea cucumbers at a LD 50 of 5.24 µg g -1; the ECPs were inactivated by treatment at 70°C for 30 min, and the optimum temperature was 50°C (Yang et al. 2007). Here we show that an extracellular peptidase of 42 kDa purified from the ECP by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Sepharose ion exchange chromatography is the virulence factor of strain H1. MATERIALS AND METHODSMicroorganism and culture conditions. Strain H1 (Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida) was isolated from a sea cucumber ulcer (Yang et al. 2007); strains H2 and H3 were also isolated from sea cucumber ulcers but were non-pathogenic strains to holothurians. All strains were cultured on brain heart infusion agar at a salinity and temperature of 20 and 22°C, respectively.Virulence test. Healthy sea cucumbers averaging 6 cm in length were provided by a sea cucumber farm (Shandong, China), and held at 12°C in flow-through seawater. The strains were suspended in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 M NaH 2 PO 4 ·2H 2 O, 0.01 M Na 2 HPO 4 ·2H 2 O, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.2) and diluted serially after growing for 24 h on BHI agar at 22°C.Virulence was tested in ...

show abstract

“…Dis Aquat Org 91: [223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235] 2010 gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) (Becker et al 2004). Six isolates obtained from the lesions of diseased sea cucumbers were identified as Vibrio sp.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of bacteria isolated from diseased cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in northeastern China

Li¹,

Qiao²,

Gu³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the winter-spring from 2004 to 2006 in northeastern China cultured Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus suffered from a serious disease. Clinical signs included swollen mouth, skin ulceration and massive mortality. Clinical samples taken during this period were studied. Thirty-one bacterial samples were isolated from diseased sea cucumbers and identified through biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and PCR amplification, followed by pathogenicity determination. The results showed that the 31 isolates belonged to the genera Vibrio (64.5%), Shewanella (12.9%), Serratia (12.9%), Pseudoalteromonas (6.4%) and Flavobacterium (3.2%). The 3 prominent strains were Vibrio splendidus (41.9%), Shewanella (12.9%) and Serratia odorifera biogroup I (12.9%). Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that 13 out of 31 isolates were pathogenic, including 8 strains of V. splendidus, 3 strains of Shewanella sp. and 2 strains of Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis. The pathogenic V. splendidus showed the highest frequency of appearance. Median lethal dose (LD 50 ) values (14 d) of V. splendidus, Shewanella sp. and P. tetraodonis were 1.74 × 10 7 , 7.76 × 10 6 , 7.24 × 10 7 CFU g -1 body weight of sea cucumber, respectively. The virulences differed by species: Shewanella sp. > V. splendidus > P. tetraodonis. This is the first report of Shewanella sp. virulence in sea cucumber. KEY WORDS: Sea cucumber · Apostichopus japonicus · Bacterial pathogen · Vibrio splendidus · Shewanella sp. · Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 91: [223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235] 2010 gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) (Becker et al. 2004). Six isolates obtained from the lesions of diseased sea cucumbers were identified as Vibrio sp. but the pathogenicity assays of isolates were not successful (Becker et al. 2004). It is commonly believed that this disease of sea cucumbers is due to bacterial infections; however, the agent that initiates the skin ulcerations has not been identified (Becker et al. 2004). Most of the studies mainly focused on isolation and identification of pathogens.No information is available for the distribution, diversity and appearance of pathogens in cultured sea cucumbers in China. The objective of this study was to carry out a precise characterization of bacterial pathogens responsible for outbreaks that affected cultured sea cucumbers during the winter-spring period from 2004 to 2006 in northeastern China. MATERIALS AND METHODSSampling and processing. Seventy-three sea cucumbers were collected from 11 farms located in the suburbs of Dalian in northeastern China during winterspring from 2004 to 2006 whenever a disease case was reported (Table 1). Three moribund or newly dead sea cucumbers showing disease signs were collected for bacteriologic assays at each sampling time from these areas. All samples were transported to our lab at 4°C within 24 h. The body weights of the sea cucumbers were ...

show abstract

The skin ulceration disease in cultivated juveniles of Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata)

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

Temperature induced disease in the starfish Astropecten jonstoni

Temperature induced disease in the starfish Astropecten jonstoni

Purification, virulence and characterization of an extracellular peptidase produced by Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida isolated from cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of bacteria isolated from diseased cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in northeastern China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About