The Sleep of Insects; an Ecological Study.

Mechanisms for the formation and maintenance of traditional night roost aggregations in a territorial damselfly

“…In many species, the location of roosting aggregations appears traditional; aggregations appear at the same sites from day to day, and sometimes year to year, even though other suitable locations seem available (Rau & Rau 1916;Jones 1930;Wynne-Edwards 1962;Eiserer 1984;Prentice & Walker 1991). Many authors have discussed the possible mechanisms and functions of such aggregations (e.g.…”

“…Studies of other species have also revealed fidelity to particular roosting sites (Rau & Rau 1916;WynneEdwards 1962;Waller & Gilbert 1982;Eiserer 1984;Mallet 1986;Miller 1989) and use of multiple sites (e.g. Jones 1930;Heisterberg et al 1984;Giroux 1991;Lewis 1995;Marzluff et al 1996).…”

Characteristics and Possible Functions of Traditional Night Roosting Aggregations in Rubyspot Damselflies

“…Roosting aggregations are particularly interesting, for although the behavior exists in orders as widespread as Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Odonata (Rau & Rau, 1916;Corbet, 1962;Copp, 1983, Brönmark et al, 1984DeVries et al, 1987), and may occur during the day or night (e.g. Mallet, 1986;DeVries et al, 1987), the general behavior pattern is much the same.…”

Rest at night in some solitary bees - a comparison with the sleep-like state of honey bees

“…But naturalists, like children, cease to pay attention to insects when the latter cease their activity. Thus the interesting problem of when, where and how insects sleep has been all but neglected" (Rau and Rau, 1916).…”

“…We therefore used a catalogue of criteria provided by Tobler (1984) (Kaiser, 1988). The (Fiebrig, 1912;Rau and Rau, 1916;Rau, 1938;Schremmer, 1955Schremmer, , 1961Westrich, 1989). Preliminary reports of our work have appeared previously (Kaiser, 1990a, b;Kaiser and Steiner-Kaiser, 1991 The animals were brought to the laboratory (see Epeolus, above) and each was studied for one night.…”