“…More recent modifications, such as a circular incision, anodermal flap graft, or sliding skin flap graft, reduce the risk of complications associated with the primary method, but the results remain unsatisfactory. [4][5][6][7] We have used a modified method with an anodermal flap to treat circumferential hemorrhoids during the past 20 years, 8 but we have had unsatisfactory results, including occasional flap necrosis, which causes skin defects and anal stenosis. The loss of most cushioning effect of the anus, which results in varying degrees of incontinence, also is a problem.…”