The Small-for-Date Infant. Ii. Neurological and Intellectual Sequelae

Fitzhardinge, P.M.; Steven, E. M.

doi:10.1097/00006254-197302000-00009

Cited by 85 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…Decrease in neuroretinal rim area at 18 y of age was associated with increasing negative birth weight deviation (r ϭ 0.71, p Ͻ 0.0001). The subjects with severe MND at 7 y had a reduced neuroretinal rim area [median (range), 1 Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), resulting in birth weight that is small for gestational age (SGA), is a recognized risk factor for neurologic deficits later in life (1,2). The most frequent cause of IUGR is impaired placental function with increased resistance to flow, reflected in abnormal Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical and fetal circulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Retinal Optic Nerve Morphology in Young Adults after Intrauterine Growth Restriction

et al. 2004

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Retinal Optic Nerve Morphology in Young Adults after Intrauterine Growth Restriction

et al. 2004

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“…In fact, many studies are available to show that babies "born too soon or born too small" (46) are at a high risk for developing behavioral disorders, particularly hyperactivity and learning disabilities (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109), with boys displaying this syndrome more often than girls (46). Since only a small proportion of the high-risk children are diagnosed as suffering from behavioral abnormalities, and some of the potential disorders may be prevented by special care, it may be advisable to screen those at risk for the presence of retarded brain development and its extent by using the magnetic resonance imaging technique.…”

Section: Morphological and Behavioral Markers Of Retarded Brain Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and behavioral markers of environmentally induced retardation of brain development: an animal model.

Altman

1987

Environ Health Perspect

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In most neurotoxicological studies morphological assessment focuses on pathological effects, like degenerative changes in neuronal perikarya, axonopathy, demyelination, and glial and endothelial cell reactions. Similarly, the assessment of physiological and behavioral effects center on evident neurological symptoms, like EEG and EMG abnormalities, resting and intention tremor, abnormal gait, and abnormal reflexes. This paper reviews briefly another central nervous system target of harmful environmental agents, which results in behavioral abnormalities without any qualitatively evident neuropathology. This is called microneuronal hypoplasia, a retardation of brain development characterized by a quantitative reduction in the normal population of late-generated, short-axoned neurons in specific brain regions.Correlated descriptive and experimental neurogenetic studies in the rat have established that all the cerebellar granule cells and a very high proportion of hippocampal granule cells are produced postnatally, and that focal, low-dose X-irradiation either of the cerebellum or of the hippocampus after birth selectively interferes with the acquisition of the full complement of granule cells (microneuronal hypoplasia). Subsequent behavioral investigations showed that cerebellar microneuronal hypoplasia results in profound hyperactivity without motor abnormalities, while hippocampal microneuronal hypoplasia results in hyperactivity, as well as attentional and learning deficits.There is much indirect clinical evidence that various harmful environmental agents affecting the pregnant mother and/or the infant lead to such childhood disorders as hyperactivity and attentional and learning disorders. As the developing human brain is more mature at birth than the rat brain, the risk for microneuronal hypoplasia and consequent behavioral disorders may be highest at late stages of fetal development, in prematurely born and small-for-weight infants, and during the early stages of infant development. Recent technological advances in brain imaging techniques make it possible to test this hypothesis and to assess the possible relationship between the degree of retarded brain development and ensuing behavioral disorders.

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“…During the immediate neonatal period, smallfor-date infants run an increased risk of infection, are particularly prone to hypoglycemia and have difficulties in maintaining normal body temperature. Subsequently some of these infants will not attain normal body size, and a considerable number will suffer from neurologic impairment [8,10,23]. Early detection of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and careful monitoring of the affected fetuses, both by biophysical and biochemical means, are of substantial interest to the obstetrician.…”

Section: Unit Of Perinatal Medicine -The Free University Of Berlinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paired measurements of total and unconjugated estriol in maternal plasma during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy—their relationship to intrauterine growth retardation

Bacigalupo¹,

Saling²,

Gesche³

1982

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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The Small-for-Date Infant. Ii. Neurological and Intellectual Sequelae

Cited by 85 publications

References 0 publications

Abnormal Retinal Optic Nerve Morphology in Young Adults after Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Abnormal Retinal Optic Nerve Morphology in Young Adults after Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Morphological and behavioral markers of environmentally induced retardation of brain development: an animal model.

Paired measurements of total and unconjugated estriol in maternal plasma during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy—their relationship to intrauterine growth retardation

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