The Small Genome of Arabidopsis Contains at Least Nine Expressed b-Tubulin Genes

Snustad, D. Peter; Haas, Nancy A.; Kopczak, Steven D.; Silflow, Carolyn D.

doi:10.2307/3869554

Cited by 61 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The and tubulin gene sequences were 1,353 bp long, with G þ C contents of 47 and 45% respectively, and were predicted to encode a putative 450 aa protein individually (data not shown). These results were in good agreement with the aa sequences reported for plant tubulins, including Arabidopsis thaliana, 13,14) Glycine max L., 15) and Eleusine indica. 16,17) At the nucleotide level, the CAnm -and -TUB genes shared 78-95 and 76-93% homology with coding regions of plant tubulin cDNAs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Cloning, Purification, and Polymerization ofCapsicum annuumRecombinant α and β Tubulin

Jang

Kim

Kalme

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Cloning, Purification, and Polymerization ofCapsicum annuumRecombinant α and β Tubulin

Jang

Kim

Kalme

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…The nucleotide sequences of members of the same gene family are frequently highly conserved. For instance, in Arabidopsis β-tubulins are encoded by nine different genes, whereby the coding sequences show a nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 76% to 98% (Snustad et al, 1992). 3Ј-untranslated sequences show a higher sequence divergence.…”

Section: Differential Expression and Gene Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential gene expression in Arabidopsis monitored using cDNA arrays

et al. 1998

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SummaryLarge numbers of genes are being discovered on a daily basis for a variety of organisms including Arabidopsis thaliana. To obtain more functional information on these genes, efficient expression monitoring methods need to be developed. In this report we studied the steady-state mRNA levels of over 800 Arabidopsis genes in parallel using high-density arrays of partially sequenced cDNA. The technology is simple and robust and reliably permits the detection of down to twofold variation in mRNA levels. The detection limit lies below 0.01% of the total mRNA population. The comparison of the profiles obtained for light-grown and dark-grown seedlings revealed significant variations in mRNA levels for about 16% of the cDNA investigated. This technology not only provides new functional information on anonymous genes, and thus may guide reverse-genetics approaches, but also constitutes a powerful tool for global gene expression studies, with many potential applications in plant biology.

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“…These problems are circumvented by specific genetic elimination of microtubules, as indicated by the nearly identical effects caused by mutations in several TFC genes. This analysis was possible because each TFC is encoded by a single-copy gene, in contrast to the gene families encoding ␣-and ␤-tubulins in Arabidopsis Snustad et al 1992). The pilz group mutants thus enable us to distinguish between microtubule-dependent and microtubule-independent processes.…”

Section: Genetic Ablation Of Microtubules Reveals Their Functional Rementioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis PILZ group genes encode tubulin-folding cofactor orthologs required for cell division but not cell growth

Steinborn¹,

Maulbetsch²,

Priester³

et al. 2002

Genes Dev.

163

130

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Plant microtubules are organized into specific cell cycle-dependent arrays that have been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including cell division and organized cell expansion. Mutations in four Arabidopsis genes collectively called the PILZ group result in lethal embryos that consist of one or a few grossly enlarged cells. The mutant embryos lack microtubules but not actin filaments. Whereas the cytokinesis-specific syntaxin KNOLLE is not localized properly, trafficking of the putative auxin efflux carrier PIN1 to the plasma membrane is normal. The four PILZ group genes were isolated by map-based cloning and are shown to encode orthologs of mammalian tubulin-folding cofactors (TFCs) C, D, and E, and associated small G-protein Arl2 that mediate the formation of ␣/␤-tubulin heterodimers in vitro. The TFC C ortholog, PORCINO, was detected in cytosolic protein complexes and did not colocalize with microtubules. Another gene with a related, although weaker, embryo-lethal phenotype, KIESEL, was shown to encode a TFC A ortholog. Our genetic ablation of microtubules shows their requirement in cell division and vesicle trafficking during cytokinesis, whereas cell growth is mediated by microtubule-independent vesicle trafficking to the plasma membrane during interphase. The microtubule cytoskeleton plays important roles in both nondividing and dividing cells of eukaryotes, assisting in vesicle trafficking and mediating proper segregation of daughter chromosomes to opposite poles during mitosis (for review, see Cole and Lippincott-Schwartz 1995;Straight and Field 2000). In fission yeast, microtubules have also been implicated in maintaining cell shape and polarity (Sawin and Nurse 1998). Higher-plant cells form their own specific microtubule arrays, such as cortical hoops of interphase microtubules that organize cell elongation (Whittington et al. 2001), and two arrays related to the plant-specific mode of cell division (for review, see Lloyd and Hussey 2001). The preprophase band forms transiently at the onset of mitosis and marks the cortical division site (for review, see Smith 2001). The phragmoplast forms at the center of the division plane in late anaphase and guides the delivery of Golgiderived vesicles. Their fusion results in the formation and lateral expansion of the cell plate that matures into a cell wall and flanking plasma membranes (for review, see Staehelin and Hepler 1996). Both preprophase band and phragmoplast also contain actin filaments; however, their specific role in plant cell division is not understood at present (Smith 2001).Microtubules are polymerized from ␣/␤-tubulin heterodimers (for review, see Nogales 2000). Newly synthesized ␣-and ␤-tubulin polypeptides undergo a sequence of folding steps catalyzed by chaperones. Initially, the tubulins are associated with the hexameric prefoldin complex that passes them on to the cytosolic chaperonin complex (Geissler et al. 1998;Vainberg et al. 1998;Hansen et al. 1999; for review, see Leroux and Hartl 2000;Llorca et al. 2000). Whereas fully func...

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The Small Genome of Arabidopsis Contains at Least Nine Expressed b-Tubulin Genes

Cited by 61 publications

References 16 publications

Cloning, Purification, and Polymerization ofCapsicum annuumRecombinant α and β Tubulin

Cloning, Purification, and Polymerization ofCapsicum annuumRecombinant α and β Tubulin

Differential gene expression in Arabidopsis monitored using cDNA arrays

The Arabidopsis PILZ group genes encode tubulin-folding cofactor orthologs required for cell division but not cell growth

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