The small-scale pattern of Cynodon dactylon in Mediterranean pastures

Galiano, E. F.

doi:10.1007/bf00044062

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The information theory used by Bartha et al is after Juhasz-Nagy (1984) and is related to BQC. Analyses that relate to the plant's-eye view are in bold Amarasinghe & Pemadasa (1982) 1.0 Transect of cells BQV, BQC Zamfir et al (1999) 1.0 Transect of cells DCA De Pablo et al (1982) 0.64 Transect of cells H(E.P) Mahdi & Law (1987) 0.28, 0.13, 0.03 Separate plant-centred areas Densities within areas Kershaw (1962) 0.25 Transect of cells BQV, BQC Gibson & Greig-Smith (1986) 0.25 Transect of cells BQV Gibson (1988) 0.25 Transect of cells TTLQV, 3TLQV, TTLCA, DCA Bartha et al (1995) 0.25 Transect of cells Information theory Edwards et al (1996) 0.25 Transect of cells TTLQV Stowe & Wade (1979) 0.16 Transect of points J Agnew & Gitay (1990) 0.16 Transect of cells TTLQV Kershaw (1958Kershaw ( , 1959 0.05 Transect of points BQV, interspecific correlations Kershaw & Tallis (1958) 0.05 Transect of points BQV, interspecific correlations Turkington & Harper (1979) 0.05 Transect of points BQC Galiano (1985Galiano ( , 1986 0.04 Transect of cells BQV Wilson et al (1987) 0.04 Transect of cells Variance in species richness Van der Hoeven et al (1990) 0.04 Grid of cells Lagged Moran's I Van Rijnberk & During (1990) 0.016 Grid of points Z-correlograms Watkins & Wilson (1992) 0.016 Grid of cells Variance in species richness Thórhallsdóttir (1990b) 0.0078 Transect of points J Law et al (1993) 0.0078 Grid of points Neighbour identities…”

Section:     mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine‐scale spatial structure in a grassland community: quantifying the plant’s‐eye view

2002

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Summary 1The fine-scale spatial patterns of Agrostis stolonifera , Holcus lanatus and Lolium perenne were recorded in an English lowland grassland as presence/absence maps from 400-cell quadrats at two different scales (2 × 2 cm or 8 × 8 cm cells). 2 Local spatial structure in these patterns was quantified using spatial covariance functions. Distance-and direction-dependent components were examined separately for both intra-and interspecific patterns. The significance of departures from randomness was determined using Monte Carlo techniques. 3 The smaller-scale data showed that all three species were significantly aggregated, Agrostis to a greater distance (8 cm) than Holcus or Lolium ( 4 cm). The intensity of aggregation decreased in the order Lolium > Holcus > Agrostis . The larger-scale data suggested that this aggregation extended to greater distances, and that it was most intense in Agrostis . 4 Despite the lack of visual directionality in the environment, Agrostis showed a directional pattern at both scales, with Lolium varying in the same direction at the larger scale. 5 Only Agrostis and Lolium showed a significant interspecific relationship (segregated to 2 cm at the small scale, but aggregated to 8 cm at the larger scale). There was no evidence of directionality in the interspecific components of pattern. 6 The nature of spatial structure appears to depend on the scale of observation, but the smaller-scale data are more likely to provide a biologically interpretable measure of local spatial structure in this community.

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Section:     mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine‐scale spatial structure in a grassland community: quantifying the plant’s‐eye view

2002

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“…Climate (Barbour and Billings 1998) and disturbance regimes (Grime 1979) are responsible for regional-scale patterns, whereas species interactions (Smith and Huston 1989;Holmgren et al 1997) and spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors such as topography (Greig-Smith 1961), soil depth (Kershaw 1959), and soil nutrients (Galiano 1985) may be responsible for patterns at local scales. In addition, past processes such as disturbance (Crawley 1986) may act independently or in concert with ongoing processes such as competition (Keddy 2001) or facilitation (Smith and Huston 1989;Bruno et al 2003) to affect the abundance and distribution of plants at a variety of scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light limitation creates patchy distribution of an invasive grass in eastern deciduous forests

Cole

2005

Biol Invasions

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Species interactions and their indirect effects on the availability and distribution of resources have been considered strong determinants of community structure in many different ecological systems. In deciduous forests, the presence of overstory trees and shrubs creates a shifting mosaic of resources for understory plants, with implications for their distribution and abundance. Determination of the ultimate resource constraints on understory vegetation may aid management of these systems that have become increasingly susceptible to invasions by non-native plants. Microstegium vimineum (Japanese grass) is an invasive annual grass that has spread rapidly throughout the understory of forests across the eastern United States since it was first observed in Tennessee in 1919. M. vimineum occurs as extensive, dense patches in the understory of eastern deciduous forests, yet these patches often exhibit sharp boundaries and distinct gaps in cover. One example of this distributional pattern was observed relative to the native midstory tree Asimina triloba (pawpaw), whereby dense M. vimineum cover stopped abruptly at the drip line of the A. triloba patch and was absent beneath the A. triloba canopy. We conducted field and greenhouse experiments to test several hypotheses regarding the causes of this observed pattern of M. vimineum distribution, including allelopathy, seed dispersal, light limitations, and soil moisture, texture, and nutrient content. We concluded that light reduction by the A. triloba canopy was the environmental constraint that prevented establishment of M. vimineum beneath this tree. Whereas overstory tree canopy apparently facilitates the establishment of this shade-tolerant grass, the interaction of overstory canopy with midstory canopy interferes with M. vimineum by reducing the availability of sunflecks at the ground layer. It is likely that other midstory species influence the distribution and abundance of other herb-layer species, with implications for management of understory invasive plant species.Abbreviations: A. triloba -Asimina triloba; M. vimineum -Microstegium vimineum; PFD -photon flux density; TDR -time domain reflectometer; VWC -volumetric water content

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“…Another study conducted in the same paddock as in the current study indicated that the spatial variability in pre-grazing herbage mass in the early grazing season (May) mainly reflected the variability in herbage production after the initiation of spring growth, which may have reflected the spatial variability in soil nutrients and/or moisture (Hirata et al 2007). Spatial variabilities in the chemical, physical and biological attributes of soil and their association with vegetation have been widely reported for grasslands (Rogers and King 1972;Galiano 1985;McNaughton and Banyikwa 1995;Ritz et al 2004). From the above facts, we interpret that the spatial heterogeneity in herbage mass was created in the paddock every year by the first grazing period through the spatially fixed heterogeneity in soil-related factors, and was maintained until the last grazing period mainly by herbivory by animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fine‐scale spatial distribution of herbage mass, herbage consumption and fecal deposition by cattle in a pasture under intensive rotational grazing

Hirata

Ogura

Furuse

2010

Ecological Research

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Herbage mass, herbage consumption and fecal deposition by animals were monitored for 2 years in 182 fixed locations (0.5 · 0.5 or 1 · 1 m) in a sown pasture (1.1 ha) grazed rotationally by cattle (42-45 animals). Fecal deposition was more spatially variable (higher values of coefficient of variation) than herbage mass and consumption, with consistently significant bias from the normal distribution in both skewness and kurtosis. In terms of spatial pattern, herbage mass and consumption were always or almost always spatially heterogeneous (nonrandom spatial pattern), while fecal deposition was less frequently heterogeneous or usually homogeneous (random spatial pattern). The spatial heterogeneity in herbage mass was interpreted as being created in the early grazing season possibly through spatial heterogeneity in soil-related factors, and maintained until the late grazing season mainly by herbivory where the animals always left more herbage uneaten at locations with higher pre-grazing herbage mass. Even when cumulated for 2 years (56 days of grazing), herbage consumption and fecal deposition were still considerably spatially variable. Such nonuniform cumulation of animal impacts, however, is not likely to have a negative effect on the grazing system (paddock as the major grazing area) because (1) the animals almost always consumed more herbage from locations with higher herbage mass, resulting in a less variable degree of utilization (consumption/production) across the paddock; (2) fecal deposition on the paddock was not abundant, due to the concentration of feces in the resting area adjoined; and (3) fertilizer was regularly applied to the paddock as management.

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The small-scale pattern of Cynodon dactylon in Mediterranean pastures

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Fine‐scale spatial structure in a grassland community: quantifying the plant’s‐eye view

Fine‐scale spatial structure in a grassland community: quantifying the plant’s‐eye view

Light limitation creates patchy distribution of an invasive grass in eastern deciduous forests

Fine‐scale spatial distribution of herbage mass, herbage consumption and fecal deposition by cattle in a pasture under intensive rotational grazing

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