1999
DOI: 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00590.x
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The smaller fruit tortrix, Grapholita lobarzewskii: predicting the phenology of adult emergence

Abstract: The smaller fruit tortrix, Grapholita lobarzewskii Nowicki, has become a major pest in the recent past in apple orchards north of the Alps. Nevertheless little is known about the biology and the behaviour of this species. The effect of temperature on post‐diapause development and survival was studied under controlled conditions in order to establish a basis for the forecasting of adult emergence. Survival was found to be highest at 17 °C and lowest at 11.8 °C. The sex ratio did not differ significantly from 1:… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…For larval development of G. lobarzewskii, we estimated a lower thermal threshold of 7.6°C and a thermal constant of 389.2 degree days. The same holds true for post-diapause development (Graf et al, 1999), adult life span, and reproduction (Graf et al, 2015). Compared with these closely related tortricid fruit pests in temperate regions, G. lobarzewskii had lower minimal temperature requirements for immature development, particularly for larval development.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 82%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…For larval development of G. lobarzewskii, we estimated a lower thermal threshold of 7.6°C and a thermal constant of 389.2 degree days. The same holds true for post-diapause development (Graf et al, 1999), adult life span, and reproduction (Graf et al, 2015). Compared with these closely related tortricid fruit pests in temperate regions, G. lobarzewskii had lower minimal temperature requirements for immature development, particularly for larval development.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…The experimental results on egg and larval development presented here were used together with the previously published data on post-diapause development, adult life span, and reproduction (Graf et al, 1999(Graf et al, , 2015 to parameterise the phenology model for G. lobarzewskii. Recorded development times were converted into development rates and subsequently described as linear functions of temperature.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Non-linear functions are used for reproductive rates and survival of adults (e.g. Graf et al, 1996;Graf et al, 1999;Graf et al, 2001a;Schaub et al, 2005;Graf et al, 2006). …”
Section: Temperature-dependent Developmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Developmental rates of the stages are mostly implemented with linear functions; nonlinear functions being used for reproductive rates and survival of adults (e.g. Graf et al ., 1996; Graf et al ., 1999; Graf et al ., 2001a; Schaub et al ., 2005; Graf et al ., 2006). Phenology models have been established for Rosy apple aphid ( Dysaphis plantaginea ), Apple sawfly ( Hoplocampa testudinea ), Codling moth ( Cydia pomonella ), Smaller fruit tortrix ( Grapholita lobarzewskii ), Pear psylla ( Cacopsylla pyri ) and Cherry fruit fly ( Rhagoletis cerasi ) and recent experiments have extended the coverage of major pome and stone fruit pests to include Apple blossom weevil ( Anthonomus pomorum ) and Summer fruit tortrix ( Adoxophyes orana ).…”
Section: Phenology Modelsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a second step, implemented model predictions were validated with several years of independent field observations for adult activity (e.g. Graf et al ., 1996; Graf et al ., 1999; Graf et al ., 2001a; Schaub et al ., 2005; Graf et al ., 2006).…”
Section: Phenology Modelsmentioning
confidence: 99%