The ‘Smart’ temperature sphere: Application in rotary drum mixers

An image analysis technique for the particle mixing and heat transfer process in a pan coater

“…But there is no doubt that the result measured from the bed surface is to some extent representative of the whole particle bed. It is thus our future interest to A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 11 investigate the relationship between surface mixing and whole mixing, with the help of Discrete Element Method (DEM) for example. Figure 9 shows the results performed on a rotary drum filled with white/red particles (particle diameter=6mm; drum diameter=206mm).…”

“…However, the thermocouples are inserted into the particle bed and may disturb the mixing process. In [11], a "smart" sphere with built-in temperature sensor was developed. The sphere moves with the bulk particles and measures a temperature varying with time and axial length of the drum, however, the whole temperature field was not available and the state of particle mixing was not investigated.…”

Non-invasive measurement of floating–sinking motion of a large object in a gas–solid fluidized bed

“…Recently, Lagrangian measurement systems have been developed in many fields using MEMS sensor, which can measure physical quantities from the Lagrangian point of view (following its motion) [3][4][5][6]. In the previous study, we developed a Lagrangian sensor system for force (acceleration) measurement and successfully measured the fluid force acting on a particle in liquid [7].…”

“…The bed height with low air velocity (u 0 /u mf =1.5) does not change so much from the initial bed height, while it drastically changes in case of high air velocity. If the fluidization is uniform and the bed height is constant, the pressure gradient in the bed is expressed as follows.∆p/L = ρ a g(4)…”

Autonomous sensor particle for parameter tracking in large vessels

“…An autonomous sensor network specified to monitor grain storage in hoppers or silos by the use RF channels was introduced in [1]. Furthermore, a so-called 'Smart' sphere is presented in [10,11], which is a wire-independent temperature-and pressure-measuring particle. It has been tested in different applications, such as in a rotary drum mixer for processing of bulk materials, a wind channel and a water column, and it is intended for rather short-term usage in chemically non-aggressive environments.…”