“…To overcome these difficulties, encountered in meshless methods, Oh et al introduced three closed-form partition of unity (PU) functions that have flat-top: (1) Convolution partition of unity [36] for any partition of a given domain; Using convolution partition of unity, Oh et al introduced several meshless methods that are called patchwise RPPM, adaptive RPPM, and RSPM (Reproducing Singularity Particle Method) in [32,35,36,38]. Note that RPPM is similar to RKPM [2,16,20,21,25,26,27,28].…”