The social contract as a tool of analysis: Introduction to the special issue on “Framing the evolution of new social contracts in Middle Eastern and North African countries”

Loewe, Markus; Zintl, Tina; Houdret, Annabelle

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104982

Cited by 72 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Social protection is increasingly analysed as a key element of the social contract, which has been defined as the 'entirety of explicit or implicit agreements between all relevant societal groups and the sovereign (i.e. the government or any other actor in power), defining their rights and obligations towards each other' (Loewe et al 2020a). Social protection, on the one hand, stabilises horizontal relations between societal groups: richer ones finance social protection as a price for the acceptance of their property rights.…”

Section: Social Contract As An Analytical Framework Rather Than a Buzz-wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, social protection strengthens the vertical relations and the trust between governments and citizens. Citizens are meant to pay taxes and accept their governments if these provide the three Ps: protection (security), participation (in decision making) and provision (of services such as infrastructure, education and social protection) (Loewe et al 2020a). If, however, governments fail in this regard, citizens might ask why they should pay taxes and accept the political system of their country and they might possibly even revolt against it.…”

Section: Social Contract As An Analytical Framework Rather Than a Buzz-wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction to the Handbook on Social Protection Systems

Loewe¹,

Schüring²

2021

Handbook on Social Protection Systems

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While social protection has become an important policy field in many low-and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs), 55 per cent of the world's population are still not even covered by one social protection benefit, with 87 per cent of people uncovered in Sub-Saharan Africa and 61 per cent in Asia and the Pacific (ILO 2017). Next to undercoverage, there are other factors that lower the efficiency, effectiveness and social justice of social protection in many countries, such as the lack of a joint vision and policy strategy, fragmented social protection programmes, duplication of administrative systems and efforts and irrational prioritisation in spending. These all call for a stronger systems approach to social protection. This handbook is therefore dedicated to social protection systems, highlighting the relevance but also the challenges that are related to a harmonised and coordinated approach across different social protection instruments, institutions, actors and delivery mechanisms. It takes the reader through all possible aspects of social protection systems.It understands social protection as the entirety of policies and programmes that protect people against poverty and risks to their livelihoods and well-being. This definition is based on the way in which universal social protection has been defined by a consortium of bi-and multilateral actors of development policy in 2019:Universal social protection is achieved through a nationally defined system of policies and programmes that provide equitable access to all people and protect them throughout their lives against poverty and risks to their livelihoods and well-being. This protection can be provided through a range of mechanisms, including in cash or in-kind benefits, contributory or non-contributory schemes, and programmes to enhance human capital, productive assets, and access to jobs.

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Section: Social Contract As An Analytical Framework Rather Than a Buzz-wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Contract As An Analytical Framework Rather Than a Buzz-wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Handbook on Social Protection Systems

Loewe¹,

Schüring²

2021

Handbook on Social Protection Systems

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, she argues that any approach at boosting state legitimacy and the social contract should not neglect the protection dimension as well. 8 A key argument proposed in the social contract literature is that boosting service provision may not be enough to reverse declines in state legitimacy in the region-protection and participation are also important (Loewe et al 2020). These arguments lend important credence to the social policy perspective incorporated in this paper, and this issue is explored further in the next sections of the paper.…”

Section: Understanding the Arab Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The private sector plays an important role in health and education provision, and, as such, the connection between state legitimacy and service delivery is already weak. To this end, Loewe et al (2020) view the Arab uprisings in 2010-2011 as "an expression of discontent with a situation in which governments provided neither political participation nor social benefits, like employment". Loewe et al (2020) suggest that improved service provision could be one way to rebuild social contracts in the region, but little detail is provided on this point.…”

Section: New Lines Of Enquiry About Mena Emerging From the Arab Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Delivery, State Legitimacy and Conflict in Arab Countries: Exploring the Key Linkages Using a Social Policy Perspective

2021

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This paper addresses the question of how service delivery (SD) affects state legitimacy (SL) and conflict (C) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, drawing particularly on frameworks that move beyond a state-centric approach. Focusing on the majority-Arab countries of MENA, the paper aims to: (1) offer a preliminary explanation of the distinctiveness of this region in light of some of the main findings of the introductory paper by the lead guest editor Timo Kivimäki and (2) explore the potential of a social policy perspective in explaining the relationship between SD, SL and C. This is achieved by combining research insights acquired through extensive qualitative social policy research in the MENA region with a re-reading of the existing literature on SD, SL and C. To support a comprehensive re-examination of the issues at hand, the paper also draws on the 5th Wave of the Arab Barometer micro-level survey (ABS) on Arab citizen perceptions of socio-economic conditions in their countries and macro-level social welfare expenditure data from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI). By bringing insights from the social policy literature on the MENA region into conversation with broader research on the relationship between SD, SL and C, we identify several distinctive features of service delivery in the MENA context and examine their implications for state legitimacy and conflict.

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“…In seizing and maintaining power, the incumbent also agreed with the villagers to develop the village. Lowwe, Zintl and Houdret guarantee that social contracts are some informal institutions intended to make state-society interactions more important so that politics can be predicted and thus more stable (Loewe et al, 2020). To get support from its village residents, the incumbent needs to expand communications and networks with village residents continuously so that support remains in favour of the incumbent's family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of patron-client political communication in building a network of political power in the village community

Suyono¹,

Nugroho²,

Windyastuti³

2021

Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies

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This study aimed to explore political communication in the building of political power networks in Jenggrik Village, Kedunggalar District, Ngawi Regency during the village head elections (village head election) from 1998 to 2019 from patron-client relations perspective. Political communication occurs through village elites and village community leaders. Political communication happens between the village head and his community members. This study was a descriptive study using a qualitative research method. This study sought to understand the processes and facts about political communication that shapes community loyalty and the leaders in Jenggrik Village, Kedunggalar District who have economic and non-economic power. The findings and conclusions of this study supported Max Weber's notion on Charismatic Leadership as well as Sartono Kartodirjo’s research which stated that the loyalty of village communities (clients) is formed because of village heads (patrons) for material (economic) and non-material (non-economic) reasons, such as authority and charisma of the leader; distribution of benefits from individuals or groups in exchange for political support; the loyalty of village communities, according to Jonathan Hopkins; also material factors such as financial aid, village physical infrastructure development assistance, or other economic assistance, according to James C. Scott and Ahimsa.

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The social contract as a tool of analysis: Introduction to the special issue on “Framing the evolution of new social contracts in Middle Eastern and North African countries”

Cited by 72 publications

References 45 publications

Introduction to the Handbook on Social Protection Systems

Introduction to the Handbook on Social Protection Systems

Service Delivery, State Legitimacy and Conflict in Arab Countries: Exploring the Key Linkages Using a Social Policy Perspective

Analysis of patron-client political communication in building a network of political power in the village community

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