This special issue focuses on the crime of infanticide in three of the four constituent nations of the British Isles: England, Scotland and Ireland. The papers collectively point to the fact that although families and communities could be a source of support for women in crisis, they were also the route by which many instances of infanticide were revealed. In addition, the evidence here suggests that the significance of religious cohesiveness to family and community relations may, in some contexts, have encouraged infanticide to occur, due to a pressure to maintain respectability in religiously observant communities. The fact that the crime occurred regardless of the moral climate in each nation suggests that women faced with the reality of bearing a bastard weighed it against the possible consequences of committing infanticide and decided to take the risk. Thus the role of religious belief in the actions of married and unmarried infanticidal women emerges as a unifying contextual theme that is likely to stimulate further research.Social historians of the pre-modern period have tended to offer descriptions of home and family life as being close-knit and affectionate, where families regularly worked together for the benefit of the community in which they lived. Social commentators, religious correspondents and secular authorities alike regarded the family as an essential unit which provided a foundation for the development of morals, manners, and general civility in communities which needed to become socially stable in order to facilitate economic, political and cultural growth. Yet, this notional idyllic picture of how the family should be was often shattered by the reality of domestic relations in Britain throughout the i8th and icjth centuries. Indeed, until the advent of increasingly stringent legal protections for women and children instituted during the zoth century, violence within the family too often tended to escape serious legal sanction (Martin 1978). But although wife battering and child abuse were relatively slow to attract public interest, one form of violence, 'rooted in indifference to infants' (Hoffer and Hull 1984: ix), has long exercised the attention of lawmakers: infanticide, or new-born child murder. This special issue of a journal which addresses family and community history is devoted to a consideration of the circumstances in which this type of crime occurred; when family and community relations could be utterly divided." Violent crimes against children take place mainly within the domestic sphere, the perpetrators most often being a family member, frequently one of the parents. But