The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior

Tajfel, Henri; Turner, John

doi:10.4324/9780203505984-16

Cited by 10,328 publications

(14,400 citation statements)

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“…Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) has provided a foundation for explaining how claiming membership in a particular social group (e.g., stating "I am a Mexican American") may inform a person's sense of self, taking on characteristics of the group's identity and behaviors (e.g., cultural traditions common among Mexican Americans). Importantly, in situations in which children identify highly with their in-group, stereotype threat (i.e., being at risk of confirming a negative stereotype for one's self; Steele & Aronson, 1995) is greatest.…”

Section: Identity Theory Relevant To Understanding Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As school-aged children form in-group and out-group social preferences and biases, including those based on ethnicity and race (e.g., Doyle & Aboud, 1995;Katz & Kofkin, 1997), it may be that the strength of pride and salience a child feels about his or her ethnicity plays an important role in developing preadolescent interethnic group social preferences. In the tradition of social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986), research with children has shown that national identification (i.e., a strong sense of belonging to a national group) is associated with less social distance to in-group members and greater social distance from out-group members (Verkuyten, 2001a). Children also tend to assign more favorable characteristics to members of their own nationality group than to others, whether or not they identify with being members of their nationality group (Bennett, Lyons, Sani, & Barrett, 1998).…”

Section: Identity Theory Relevant To Understanding Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental Implications of Discrimination

Marks

Ejesi

McCullough

et al. 2015

Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science

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Discrimination—the purposeful and harmful actions toward others because of their membership in a social group—can have profound effects on child and adolescent development. This chapter is concerned with mapping the literature on how perceived discrimination negatively affects a wide range of developmental processes (e.g., identity formation and prosocial behaviors) and outcomes across cognitive, physical health, socioemotional, and mental health areas. Because no such review has been written previously, we present a systematic review of this emerging body of research. We also attend to important theoretical models salient to understanding how discrimination harms children's lives, and to the social processes that may make children prone to discriminating against others. Thoughts on future research directions in this subfield accompany a discussion of the need for increased attention to the social contexts that promote discrimination in childhood and adolescence.

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Section: Identity Theory Relevant To Understanding Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identity Theory Relevant To Understanding Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Implications of Discrimination

Marks

Ejesi

McCullough

et al. 2015

Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Individuals strive to maintain a positive sense of self-worth (Baumeister, 1995). Since self-esteem is intricately tied to group membership (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992;Tajfel & Turner, 1986), situations that threaten a social identity can be harmful to individual self-esteem. One way to maintain a positive sense of self-worth is through the management of group memberships.…”

Section: Benefits and Goals Achieved Through Identity Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One way to maintain a positive sense of self-worth is through the management of group memberships. Therefore, it is likely that in such a situation, when a social identity is not adaptive, individuals will want to change it or seek to exit the maladaptive social identity through social mobility strategies (Tajfel & Turner, 1986).…”

Section: Benefits and Goals Achieved Through Identity Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and Benefits of Switching among Multiple Social Identities

Shih

Sanchez

2010

The Psychology of Social and Cultural Diversity

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“…According to social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986), people define themselves, in part, based on the social groups to which they belong. Because an ingroup's social identity is shaped in part by its history, we expected that the same distancing biases that people display when recalling events from their personal past to also become apparent when recalling events from their ingroup's past (Baumeister & Hastings, 1997).…”

Section: Theory and Evidence For Biases In Subjective Temporal Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of subjective time in identity regulation

Wilson

Gunn

Ross

2009

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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We explore the function of subjective perceptions of time in regulating personal identity. Events that reflect favourably on the self feel more recent than events that reflect negatively on the self. We propose that this systematic bias in subjective time judgment serves an identity regulation function: These biases allow people to maintain a favourable evaluation of current self. Recent events are likely to be judged as 'belonging' to the current self and thus incorporated into current identity. Distant events are more likely to be viewed as belonging to a former self who is quite distinct from the today's self. Therefore, by perceiving past positive experiences as more recent than negative ones, people are able to continue to take credit for former glories while reducing the threat of past failings on present identity. We discuss evidence for both the motivational account of subjective distancing and its role in regulating and maintaining a desired current identity.Like fingerprints, autobiographies are unique. No two adults experience precisely the same life events. As a result, memories of personal experiences can help individuals distinguish themselves from others and construct an autonomous self-identity (Ross & Wang, in press). There is at least one sense, however, in which people's life narratives are similar, at least in Western cultures. Life narratives are chronologically ordered. Chronological order is the norm for publically told life stories, fictional or true (McAdams, 2006). These stories usually unfold in a forward direction, occasionally in a backward direction (Lam & Buehler, 2009), and only very rarely in a random or haphazard manner. Chronological order lends coherence and meaning to a life story (Landau, Greenberg, & Sullivan, in press). Temporal order is not only important to public storytelling, it is also important to the private life stories that influence our self-identity. Our current identity includes beliefs about how we have developed over time, how we used to be and how we became the individuals that we are today. We see ourselves quite differently if we believe that we used to be crotchety and are now easy-going, rather than that we used to be easy-going and are now crotchety. Temporal sequence matters. Time matters.When we talk about time, what do we really mean? Often we mean clock or calendar time, as in the preceding paragraph. Although this kind of time is a relatively recent development in human evolution, we have come to work reasonably well within its constraints, especially when armed with day planners and personal digital assistants (PDAs). We can typically retrieve some dates fairly easily-we remember birth dates, anniversaries and significant APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

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The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior

Cited by 10,328 publications

References 15 publications

Developmental Implications of Discrimination

Developmental Implications of Discrimination

Costs and Benefits of Switching among Multiple Social Identities

The role of subjective time in identity regulation

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