The relationship between energy systems, on the one hand, and narratives and practices of identity building at different scales, on the other, has received little attention in the mainstream human geography and social science literature. There is still a paucity of integrated theoretical insights into the manner in which energy formations are implicated in the rise of particular cultural self-determinations, even though various strands of work on energy and identity are frequently present throughout the wide-and rather disparatecorpus of social science energy research.Therefore, this paper explores the manner in which the exploitation and management of energy resources is woven into discourses and debates about national identity, international relations, as well as a nation's path of future development and its significance on the global arena in the case of Russia. We investigate some of the policies, narratives and discourses that accompany the attempt to represent this country as a global "energy superpower" in relation to the resurrection of its domestic economy and material prosperity, on the one hand, and the restoration of its global status as a derzhava (or "Great Power"), on the other.Using ideas initially developed within the field of critical discourse analysis, we pay special attention to the state-building role played by geographical imaginations about the country's past and present energy infrastructural links with, and hydrocarbon exports to, neighboring states.