The Social Repertoire of Sulawesi Macaques

Thierry, Bernard; Bynum, E. L.; Baker, Stokes S.; Kinnaird, Margaret F.; Matsumura, Shuichi; Muroyama, Yasuyuki; O’Brien, Timothy G.; Petit, Odile; Watanabe, Kouichi

doi:10.2354/psj.16.203

Cited by 86 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…During the interaction the adult male and infant were in body contact that included cradling, dorsal carrying, ventral carrying, grooming, resting in body contact and "contact crawling" defined as an infant crawling in body contact with a male or playfully climbing over a male's body (see Thierry et al 2000;Deag 1980) for more detailed description of the behaviors). We also included polyadic interactions if they involved only one adult male and one or more females or non-adult males (e.g.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

et al. 2016

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Social knowledge beyond one's direct relationships is a key to successful maneuvering of the social world. Individuals gather information on the quality of social relationships between their group companions, which has been termed triadic awareness. Evidence of the use of triadic awareness in natural contexts is limited mainly to conflict management. Here we investigated triadic awareness in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the context of bridging interactions defined as male-infant-male interactions whereby a male (actor) presents an infant to another male (receiver) in order to initiate an affiliative interaction with that male. Analyses based on 1,263 hours of focal observations on ten infants of one wild social group in Morocco supported the hypothesis that males use their knowledge of the relationship between infants and other adult males when choosing a male as a partner for bridging interactions. Specifically, (i) the number of bridging interactions among initiator-infant-receiver triads was affected by the strength of the infant-receiver relationship and (ii) when two males were available as bridging partners, a male was more likely to be chosen as the receiver the stronger his social relationship with the infant in comparison to the other available male was. This demonstrates that non-human primates establish triadic awareness also of temporarily rather dynamic infant-male relationships and use it in naturally occurring affiliative context. Our results contribute to the discussion about the mechanism underlying the acquisition of triadic awareness and the benefits of its usage and lend support to hypotheses linking social complexity to the evolution of complex cognition.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

et al. 2016

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“…The occurrence of collective arousals in Tonkean macaques may be promoted by the remarkably tolerant social relationships and the numerous conciliatory contacts which characterize them Thierry, 2007. Some macaque species display similar behaviors, and there are hints that they also display collective arousals (Sulawesi macaques: Thierry et al, 2000;stumptailed macaques: de Waal, 1996). It would be worthwhile to compare different macaque species to establish whether there is a relation between the species-specific social style and the proneness of individuals to take part in collective arousals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When directed at the same partner, behaviors repeated at intervals of less than 5 s were considered as a single event. We also measured the mean durations of time for long-lasting behaviors: expressive run (an individual runs away from a partner while displaying affiliative vocalizations then often returns toward the partner), social play, social grooming, and contact-sitting (see Thierry et al, 2000, for further information about behavior patterns). Because it was not possible to reliably identify which individuals had uttered a vocalization, for this variable we counted the total duration of vocalizations regardless of the emitter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may happen after reunion, before food distribution, or after a conflict involving a large number of individuals (Tonkean macaques: Thierry et al, 1989Thierry et al, , 2000moor macaques: Matsumura, 1991;Petit and Thierry, 1992;stumptailed macaques: de Waal, 1996). On such occasions, all group members appear extremely excited, and display numerous affiliative signals and body contacts at the same time.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Collective arousal when reuniting after temporary separation in Tonkean macaques

Marco

Cozzolino²,

Dessì‐Fulgheri

et al. 2011

American J Phys Anthropol

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Celebrations and bursts of communal joy can occur spontaneously in human communities based on mechanisms of emotional contagion. Some examples of similar collective excitement have been reported in animals when they reunite or anticipate rewards, but little is known about the processes and meaning of these multiple interactions. We experimentally studied such collective arousals in two captive groups of Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) within the context of reunions following the temporary separation of two subgroups. We compared the behaviors of individuals after separation periods of 2 and 48 h with a control period with no separation. This study showed that it is possible to reproducibly induce bursts of friendly interactions in which groupmates run around over a period of several minutes, embracing and grasping one another while displaying numerous affiliative vocalizations and facial expressions. The longer the period of separation, the higher and longer-lasting the rates of affiliative interactions were. Individuals affiliated more frequently with groupmates from a previously separated subgroup than with those having stayed in their own subgroup. Collective arousal was followed by a quieter period characterized by high rates of contact-sitting and social grooming. These results point at the role of collective arousals in social cohesion; they could resolve social tension and renew social relationships. We propose that the emotional state experienced by Tonkean macaques during such events represents a disposition similar to that giving rise to what we humans call ''shared joy. Collective celebration is common practice in human communities. Amongst various other social functions, it can be argued that it either has a role in social cohesiveness by renewing the bonds that hold society together, or that it provides individuals with occasional relief from hierarchies and social constraints (Ehrenreich, 2007). Whereas certain events such as dances, rituals, and ceremonies follow formalized rules and/or use techniques of ectasy, others occur as spontaneous bursts of excitement where groups appear united by communal joy and exaltation, all individuals experiencing a similar emotional state (Ehrenreich, 2007). In the second case, social interactions mainly rely on nonverbal communication; individuals synchronize and mimic each other through vocalizations, facial expressions, postures and movements conveying emotional contagion (Hatfield et al., 1994).There is no need to resort to cognitive empathy to account for emotional contagion. The ability to react to the feelings of others appears early in life (Hoffman, 1975;Hatfield et al., 1994), and its neurobiological substrates have been documented (Decety and Jackson, 2004; Rizzolatti et al., 2007). Moreover, it is widely known that nonhuman primates react to communication signals expressing emotions (Seyfarth and Cheney, 2003;de Waal, 2008), and synchronize by mirroring the behaviors of conspecifics (Anderson and Bayart, 1985;Ferrari et al., 2006;Meunier et ...

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“…The mother displayed to other group members who approached her by "lipsmacking" which is a behaviour used during affiliative interactions and serves as a reassurance signal. The mother also vocalized using an "affiliation call," which is a social repertoire given by females when they approach or attempt to hold another fe- male's young infant [Thierry et al, 2000]. Other group members smelled the discarded bone fragments but did not consume any of the discarded remains.…”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Placentophagia and Mother-Infant Cannibalism in Free-Ranging Macaca mulatta tcheliensis in Mount Taihangshan, Jiyuan, China

Tian¹,

Zhang²,

Guo³

et al. 2017

IJFP

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Placentophagia or the consumption of the afterbirth is reported in many primate species, whereas cannibalism is a relatively rare event. Based on our field observations over the course of 3 years, we present evidence of placentophagia and mother-infant cannibalism in a free-ranging population of the Taihangshan macaque, Macaca mulatta tcheliensis, in the Mt. Taihangshan area, Jiyuan, Henan, China. We documented 1 case in which a mother consumed the afterbirth of her infant. In a second instance, we observed a fresh placenta discarded on the ground by an unknown individual. We also present a description of the first documented instance of mother-infant cannibalism in the same group of free-ranging rhesus macaques.

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The Social Repertoire of Sulawesi Macaques

Cited by 86 publications

References 56 publications

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

Collective arousal when reuniting after temporary separation in Tonkean macaques

Evidence of Placentophagia and Mother-Infant Cannibalism in Free-Ranging Macaca mulatta tcheliensis in Mount Taihangshan, Jiyuan, China

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