The socialization of young cyclists and the culture of doping

Ohl, Fabien; Fincoeur, Bertrand; Lentillon‐Kaestner, Vanessa; Defrance, Jacques; Brissonneau, Christophe

doi:10.1177/1012690213495534

Cited by 70 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is influenced by personal controls and the social learning process as described by three competitive criminological theories: social learning (Akers, 1998), self‐control (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990), and control balance theory (Tittle, 1995). This is consistent with previous research in the sport domain (Chan et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2019; Kabiri et al., 2018a, 2018b, ; Kabiri and Donner, 2019; Kabiri, Shadmanfaat, and Donner, 2019; Kabiri, Shadmanfaat, and Willits, 2019; Miller, Roberts, and Ommundsen, 2005; Ohl et al., 2015; Ruiz et al., 2019; Spruit et al., 2019). Our study supports previous research that documents athletes’ personal control (low self‐control and control deficit) and social learning process increases the possibility of engagement in aggressive and cheating behaviors (i.e., antisocial behaviors).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antisocial Behavior in Soccer Players: Using an Integrated Mediation Model of Personal Control and Social Learning Theory

Kabiri

Shadmanfaat

Smith

et al. 2020

Social Science Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. We aim to explore antisocial behavior in sports using an integrated criminological framework that includes self-control theory, control balance theory, and social learning theory. Methods. A total of three-hundred and ninety-seven (n = 397) professional soccer players in Iran were surveyed. Results. Structural equation modeling was used to assess these data, with results indicating that antisocial behavior occurs via a process of learning. The concepts of differential associations, differential reinforcement, imitation, and definitions all emerged as important factors in the development of antisocial behaviors. Conclusion. While prosocial behaviors represent a basic requirement of sports, the presence was antisocial behaviors remains prevalent. The employment of integrated criminological theory can serve as an effective means to measure and explain antisocial behavior using a sample of Iranian soccer players. This study indicates that antisocial behaviors are learned through social interactions and therefore policy remedies must focus on the social dynamics that drive these negative behaviors.Aggressive and deviant behavior remains an important issue in the sports domain. This includes examinations of sportsmanship, prosocial behavior, antisocial behavior, and transgressive behavior (Kavussanu, 2019). The intrinsic social nature of sport, including the common interactions between players, coaches, fans, and the media, provides opportunities for expressive behaviors that range from antisocial to prosocial. Examples of antisocial behaviors include the intentional injuring of an opponent, cheating, lying, time-wasting, intimidating, and excessive aggression (Benson, Bruner, and Eys, 2017;Boardley and Kavussanu, 2009;Hodge and Lonsdale, 2011;Kavussanu, Stanger, and Ring, 2015;Malete, Chow, and Feltz, 2013;Miller, Roberts, and Ommundsen, 2005). Negative behavior in sport can undermine the legitimacy of the sport itself and pose a threat to the norms of sportsmanship and prosocial behaviors (Kavussanu, Stanger, and Ring, 2015;Spruit et al., 2019). While antisocial behaviors such as cheating and excessive aggression have long been part of sport and competition, criminologists have paid little attention to this line of inquiry to date. Additionally, the existing research on negative behaviors in sport tends to stem from the field of psychology, with these examples often minimizing the role of the social milieu (Al-Yaaribi and Kavussanu, 2018;Kavussanu, 2019).

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The qualitative research of Ohl et al. (2015) shows that within a deviant sport culture, athletes learn how to engage in deviant acts like cheating and using illegal performance‐enhancing drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisocial Behavior in Soccer Players: Using an Integrated Mediation Model of Personal Control and Social Learning Theory

Kabiri

Shadmanfaat

Smith

et al. 2020

Social Science Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The experience of Australian ASP appears to be one where substance based performance enhancement is introduced and normalised to athletes early in their career, first through legal substances, agreeing with other research on the natural history of doping (Lentillon-Kaestner & Carstairs, 2010;Ohl, Finocouer, Lentillon-Kaestner, Defrance & Brissonneau, 2013;Pappa & Kennedy, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Australian athlete support personnel lived experience of anti-doping

Mazanov

Hemphill

Connor

et al. 2015

Sport Management Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Athlete support personnel (ASP) implement drug control policies for sport, such as antidoping. Interviews with 39 ASP reveal how differences between policy and practice play out in their "lived experience" of anti-doping. While most ASP support the ideology underlying anti-doping at a "common sense" level (using popular drug and sporting discourses such as "drugs are bad" and sporting virtue), they are critical of anti-doping practice. Combined with no direct experience with doping, ASP saw doping as a rare event unlikely to emerge in practice. Most ASP took a laissez-faire approach to anti-doping, relying on managers to know what to do in the unlikely event of a doping incident. Despite broadly supporting the ideas of anti-doping, ASP raised concerns around implementation with regards to Athlete Whereabouts and recreational drug use. In response to hypothetical doping events, a number of ASP would seek to persuade the athlete to discontinue doping rather than meet mandatory reporting obligations. Part of this extended from conflicts between professional and antidoping obligations (e.g. mandatory reporting and patient confidentiality). ASP demonstrate anti-doping policies are in tension with a practice that systematically normalises substance based performance enhancement early in sporting careers. Anti-doping agencies need to do more to engage with ASP as the "front line" of drug management in sport, including resolving contradictions across policies and in practice.Keywords: anti-doping; athlete support personnel; qualitative; Australia IntroductionDespite evidence athlete support personnel (ASP) are influential actors in the doping and anti-doping milieu, there is little evidence of how ASP understand, interpret or experience their role. The World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) (WADA, 2009) establishes a framework designed to help ASP meet their obligations to support the aims of the anti-doping ideology.National Anti-Doping Organisations (NADOs) develop policies designed to give effect to the WADC in local contexts. However, evidence suggests that there is a gap between anti-doping policies and the practice of anti-doping in sporting communities (cf Hanstad, Skille & Loland, 2010). In practice, evidence indicates anti-doping education policies fail to give sufficient knowledge about WADC obligations among sports physicians and coaches (e.g. Backhouse & McKenna, 2011. More broadly, an Australian survey of knowledge (awareness of rules), attitudes towards doping in sport, and ethical stance around anti-doping practice indicated ASP have a very different experience of anti-doping than might be expected under policies giving effect to the aims of the WADC (Mazanov, Backhouse, Connor, Hemphill & Quirk, 2013). This paper reports the second qualitative stage of a sequential, qualitative dominant mixed-methods project exploring ASP experience of anti-doping reported by Mazanov et al (2013) (see Section 1.2). More specifically, this qualitative interview study sought to explore and contextualise the relationship b...

show abstract

“…Ohl et al (2013) interviewed 70 active or retired professional cyclists and team leaders. The authors concluded that the social drama of professional cycling teams shapes "cyclists' bodies and moralities through discourses, training, follow-up, pressure, health-care, [and] competitions" to the extent that the decision to dope takes place in a context where "reasoning on an individual level is not very relevant" (Ohl et al, 2013, pp.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If athletes are familiar and comfortable with doping as a topic of conversation, such programs are more likely to be effective. Second, previous research on road cycling shows that athletes' decisions to dope should be understood to a considerable extent as a product of socialization (Christiansen, 2005;Lentillon-Kaestner, Hagger, & Hardcastle, 2012;Ohl, Fincoeur, Lentillon-Kaestner, Defrance, & Brissonneau, 2013). For young cyclists, influence and pressure from more experienced riders and support personnel are highly important.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%