The Socio-economic and Ecological Impacts of Small-scale Irrigation Schemes on Pastoralists and Drylands in Northern Kenya

Farah, KO; Nyariki, Dickson M.; Noor, Alfian; Ngugi, Robinson K.; Musimba, Nashon K. R.

doi:10.1080/09718923.2003.11892389

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact of small scale irrigation schemes on household poverty status. Similar studies have used binomial logit model in irrigation impact analysis (Farah et al, 2001;Getaneh, 2011;Oni et al, 2011). Thus, poverty is the dependent variable, and is determined by independent variables such as irrigation use, household characteristics, asset holdings and access to services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The role of small scale irrigation in poverty reduction

Eneyew¹,

Alemu²,

Ayana³

et al. 2014

J. Dev. Agric. Econ.

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Poverty is of multidimensional characteristics affecting nearly a billion world population. Especially, a third of sub Saharans fall under poverty. The emergence of climate change coupled with the incidence of drought, are worsening the situation. The only option to escape this challenge is through the development of water resource projects. In attempting to do so, Ethiopia has yet developed not more than 5% of the irrigation potential. Much of this is owned and poorly managed by small holder farmers. The purpose of this study is thus to investigate whether small scale irrigation schemes contribute to poverty reduction or not. Based on 313 sample households from the Rift Valley Lake Basins, it was observed that irrigation improved household income and contributed to poverty reduction. However, the enhanced poverty impact of irrigation was constrained due to unsatisfactory performance and imperfect market. Thus, enhancing the capacity of water user associations through provision of training, market linkage and finance are a necessary step to improve irrigation performance towards poverty reduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The role of small scale irrigation in poverty reduction

Eneyew¹,

Alemu²,

Ayana³

et al. 2014

J. Dev. Agric. Econ.

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“…Combined government and non‐governmental organisation (NGO) efforts in semi‐arid Kenya involving sand dam construction, capacity building regarding soil and water conservation techniques, and diversification of agricultural practices have similarly decreased vulnerability to drought by improving water and food security as well as lifting people from poverty (Kairu, 2021). However, some say these programmes are anti‐pastoralist, who have their own traditional drought coping strategies, forcing them from their traditional lands and into settled agriculture increasing their vulnerability to drought (Farah et al., 2003; Fratkin, 2014).…”

Section: Drought Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Diagnosis: What the Medical Sciences Can Teach Us

et al. 2022

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Drought management is currently informed by a variety of approaches, mostly responding to drought crisis when it happens. Toward more effective and integrated drought management, we introduce a conceptual drought diagnosis framework inspired by diagnostic concepts from the field of medicine. This framework comprises five steps: 1. Initial diagnostic assessment; 2. Diagnostic testing; 3. Consultation; 4. Communication of the diagnosis; and 5. Treatment and prognosis. To illustrate the need for the proposed approach, four case studies of recently drought‐affected regions were selected: the city of Cape Town, the state of California, the Northeast region of Brazil, and the Horn of Africa. Contrasting elements for these cases include the geographic extent and political boundaries, climate, socio‐economics, and the relevance of different water resources (e.g., rainfall, reservoirs, and aquifers). For each case, we identified documented practices and policies and reflected on them in terms of drought misdiagnosis or incomplete diagnosis that have aggravated socio‐economic and environmental drought impacts. A common example is the preference for technical solutions (e.g., installing infrastructure to augment water supply), rather than measures that reduce vulnerability. Analysis of these four drought case studies confirmed the anticipated need for a comprehensive approach to drought diagnosis for more successful treatment and prevention of drought. Using an analogy with medical science can be helpful toward comprehensively diagnosing droughts for a variety of contexts and assessing the effectiveness of proposed interventions. This framework can help drought managers to be more proactive in enabling drought‐affected regions to become more drought resilient in the future.

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“…Many of these investment projects, dating from the post-independence era and accelerating recently, have disrupted pastoral movement, restricting use of dry season grazing areas along rivers, with limited compensation [ 79 ], Additionally, migrants have been attracted to work at the hydroelectric plants and irrigation schemes [ 80 ], and today there are fast- growing settlements competing with pastoral livelihoods. Pastoralists must make use of limited grazing, often on irrigation schemes where mosquitoes are now present throughout the year.…”

Section: Rift Valley Fever In Kenyamentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural drivers of vulnerability to zoonotic disease in Africa

Dzingirai

Bukachi

Leach

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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This paper argues that addressing the underlying structural drivers of disease vulnerability is essential for a ‘One Health’ approach to tackling zoonotic diseases in Africa. Through three case studies—trypanosomiasis in Zimbabwe, Ebola and Lassa fever in Sierra Leone and Rift Valley fever in Kenya—we show how political interests, commercial investments and conflict and securitization all generate patterns of vulnerability, reshaping the political ecology of disease landscapes, influencing traditional coping mechanisms and affecting health service provision and outbreak responses. A historical, political economy approach reveals patterns of ‘structural violence’ that reinforce inequalities and marginalization of certain groups, increasing disease risks. Addressing the politics of One Health requires analysing trade-offs and conflicts between interests and visions of the future. For all zoonotic diseases economic and political dimensions are ultimately critical and One Health approaches must engage with these factors, and not just end with an ‘anti-political’ focus on institutional and disciplinary collaboration.This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.

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The Socio-economic and Ecological Impacts of Small-scale Irrigation Schemes on Pastoralists and Drylands in Northern Kenya

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

The role of small scale irrigation in poverty reduction

The role of small scale irrigation in poverty reduction

Drought Diagnosis: What the Medical Sciences Can Teach Us

Structural drivers of vulnerability to zoonotic disease in Africa

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