The Socio-Economic and Environmental Benefits of Waste Scavenging in Maiduguri, Borno State

Abstract

This study aimed at assessing the economic and environmental benefits of waste scavenging in Maiduguri, which has been presumably neglected by formal sector. The objectives of the study were to: identify the types of waste materials recovered by scavengers, determine the average monthly income and factors that influence the income of Scavengers and examine the environmental benefits of waste scavenging. Data were collected using Questionnaire and observation checklists. Five wards out of the 15 wards that constituted the study area were purposively selected for the study. 210 scavengers were randomly selected and administer Questionnaire at the depots in each of the sampled wards where they sell recovered materials. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test. The study found that scavenging is a male dominated occupation, with a mean age of 20.2 and average monthly income of N13, 500. The Chi-square test performed to demonstrate the influence of socio demographic factors on income of scavengers revealed a significant association between Age, Educational attainment, length of practice, marital status and categories of waste scavengers. Gender and alternative occupation were the only insignificant factors. The study also showed that, Scrap metals and aluminum were the major materials recovered by scavengers as ascertain by 65.71%, and that the materials are recovered base on their economic value, quality and state. Seasonal differences also contribute to the pricing of recyclable materials recovered by scavengers. The study also revealed that despite the significant contribution of scavengers to environmental sustenance, economic growth and poverty reduction, their activities is still not acknowledge by local authorities in the study area. The study recommends that Government should recognize their contributions as important stakeholders in the waste management sector in Maiduguri by diversifying the types of recyclables and establishing recycling plants, more permanent employment could be provided for the scavengers and other people, thereby improving the economy. Also, Successful integration of scavengers into a formal programme can help optimize waste collection and recycling in an integrated waste management programme. If well organized, scavengers could be given the necessary training that would enable them overcome the challenges they encounter in their activities, especially those related to vulnerability of hazards.