The Socio-Economic Determiners of Recycling: An Analysis on European Countries Through a Macro Perspective

Abstract

The growing economies and the increase in urbanization have increased the process of waste production. Recycling of the wastes resulting from economic processes through certain operations would both decrease the amount of wastes and the need for area to store them and minimize the demand for virgin resources in production. This study aims to examine the socio-economic factors that are effective on recycling from macro perspective. Therefore, a Panel Data Analysis was conducted with data of 31 European Economic Area (EEA) countries concerning the period from 2004 to 2014. In the model used in the analysis, the recycling rate is represented by the packaging waste recycling rate. As an independent variable, Education, Income, R & D expenditures, Resources and Agricultural sector added values were used. As a result of the analyses conducted in this research it was determined that education and amount of resources are in a positive relationship with recycling rate while income levels and the agriculture sector are in a negative relationship with the recycling rate.

A critical review of household recycling barriers in the United Kingdom

“…Residents in areas of deprived households may not allocate time to or focus on recycling activities because they are more preoccupied with meeting essential needs deemed more important than recycling ( Knickmeyer, 2020 ; Smith and Bolton, 2018 ). A negative relationship has been found to exist between income levels and recycling rate ( Önder, 2018 ). Seng et al (2018) , however, state that the level of income is related to the level of education and therefore greatly influences the resident’s awareness of recycling knowledge, thus resulting in positive recycling actions.…”