This article offers, from the perspective of court studies, a new reading of “Carta a Ramírez Pagán”, written by Jorge de Montemayor between 1558 and 1560. It proposes to use this paradigmatic text to explain the sociological and psychological origins of renaissance pastoral literature, which cannot be understood without the establishment of the courtly political systems in the western world. Therefore, supported by the works of Norbert Elias, Amedeo Quondam and José Martínez Millán, this article shows how the bucolic literature of this period essentially represented an attempt at liberation, arising within the court, from the existential oppression suffered by the courtier as a consequence of the civilization process.