The Sociology of Disability-Based Economic Inequality

Pettinicchio, David; Maroto, Michelle; Brooks, Jennifer

doi:10.1177/00943061221103313

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…In the 33 years since the passage of the ADA and the IDEA, sociological research has made great progress in illuminating the sources and consequences of various social inequalities. However, disability has remained largely absent from mainstream sociological work on stratification (Barnartt 2013; Maroto and Pettinicchio 2015; Pettinicchio et al 2022). A recent review of articles ever published in the discipline’s flagship journals, American Sociological Review and American Journal of Sociology , found only nine articles that listed disability as a keyword; the majority of these were published over 20 years ago (Gerschick and Stevens 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maroto and Pettinicchio (2015:2) observe that disability “remains a disproportionately small part of the mainstream literature on structural inequality. Given the size of the population with disabilities in the United States and the hardships they face, it is particularly surprising that disability is often excluded from general sociological studies of stratification and inequality” (see also Barnartt 2017; Pettinicchio, Maroto, and Brooks 2022). Nevertheless, there are robust literatures on disability in disability studies, the sociology of disability, and medical sociology.…”

Section: Disability and Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Not in My Schoolyard: Disability Discrimination in Educational Access

Rivera¹,

Tilcsik

2023

Am Sociol Rev

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Disabled people constitute the largest minority group in the United States, and disability discrimination is prohibited under federal law. Nevertheless, disability has received limited attention in the sociology of discrimination. We examine disability discrimination in an important gatekeeping interaction: access to public education. In an audit study of more than 20,000 public schools, we sent emails to principals from fictitious prospective parents asking for a school tour, varying the child’s disability status and gender and the parent’s race. Principals were significantly less likely to respond when the child had a disability, especially when the email came from a Black (rather than White) parent. A survey experiment with 578 principals revealed possible mechanisms. Principals viewed disabled students as more likely to impose a significant burden on schools, but disabled Black students faced an additional disadvantage due to stereotypes of their parents, who were perceived to be less valuable future members of the school community in terms of fundraising, volunteering, and other forms of engagement to support the school. Our results highlight that discrimination against people with disabilities begins long before the labor market and illuminate how the intersection between disability and race shapes inequalities in educational access.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disability and Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Not in My Schoolyard: Disability Discrimination in Educational Access

Rivera¹,

Tilcsik

2023

Am Sociol Rev

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“…It seems that this applies to Iran; in the current status of the Iranian economy, there are few job opportunities for the labor force, and extended families will have less income and more expenses.Therefore, it is recommended to use policies to increase the welfare of extended households to reduce this increased inequality in disability. Also, it seems that these policies can be effective for families with disabled members in order to better cope with the burden of disability ( 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Explaining the Change in Socioeconomic Inequality of Disability in Iran: A Repeated Cross-sectional Study

Haghighatfard,

Rezapour,

Khoramrooz

et al. 2023

MJIRI

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Background More than 15% of the world's population live with some form of disability. Assessing socioeconomic inequalities in disability and monitoring its change over time can help policymakers to design and implement targeted interventions to reduce these inequalities. This study aimed to assess the change in socioeconomic inequality in disability in Iran from 2000 to 2010. Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from 2 waves of Iran’s demographic and health surveys (2000 and 2010). The Wagstaff normalized concentration index was used to measure the socioeconomic inequality of disability. Contributing factors to the inequality in 2000 and 2010 were investigated by concentration index decomposition. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method was used to determine contributing factors of change in disability inequality. All analyses were conducted in Stata14. Results The negative and statistically significant concentration indices (–0.132 in 2000 and –0.165 in 2010, P < 0.001) suggested more concentration of disability among poor people. The absolute value of inequality was increased by 0.034 between the 2 points of time ( P = 0.025). Level of education (123.5%), household size (12.9%), age (–35.1%), and residency (in terms of Iran's provinces) (–19.3%) were the contributing factors to the measured disability inequality in 2000. In 2010, level of education (105.8%), household size (30.5%), and urban residency (–46.3%) explained the measured inequality. Change in disability inequality was explained by household size (99.4%), province of residence (54.8%), education (36.9%), socioeconomic status (20%), urban residency (–90.3%), and age (–47.7%). Conclusion Iran suffers from significant socioeconomic inequality in disability, and it significantly increased over time. Interventions such as increasing health literacy and providing suitable job opportunities for people with low education level, improving the socioeconomic status of extended households, and paying more attention to the balanced development in the provinces and urban and rural areas, and attending to prevention, treatment, and mitigation of disability adversities among poor young and elderly people could be recommended to tackle increased socioeconomic inequality in disability and its unfavorable consequences in Iran.

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“…Extending stress process models, minority stress frameworks emphasize how chronic stressors experienced through status and group membership lead to disproportionate negative mental health outcomes (Meyer, 2003;Meyer & Frost, 2013;Schwartz & Meyer, 2010). Disability, particularly as it intersects with health, is a key axis of inequality (Mauldin, 2023;Maroto & Pettinicchio, 2023;Pettinicchio et al, 2022), affecting everything from jobs, to government supports, to adequate health care.…”

Section: The Chronic Stress Of Precarity Among People With Disabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic precarity and changing levels of anxiety and stress among Canadians with disabilities and chronic health conditions throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic

Pettinicchio,

Maroto

2024

Canadian Review of Sociology

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Early in the COVID‐19 pandemic, multiple event stressors converged to exacerbate a growing mental health crisis in Canada with differing effects across status groups. However, less is known about changing mental health situations throughout the pandemic, especially among individuals more likely to experience chronic stress because of their disability and health status. Using data from two waves of a targeted online survey of people with disabilities and chronic health conditions in Canada (N = 563 individuals, June 2020 and July 2021), we find that approximately 25% of respondents experienced additional increases in stress and anxiety levels in 2021. These increases were partly explained by worsening perceived financial insecurity and, in the case of stress, additional negative financial effects tied to the pandemic. This paper understands mental health disparities as a function of social status and social group membership. By linking stress process models and a minority stress framework with a social model of disability, we allude to how structural and contextual barriers make functional limitations disabling and in turn, life stressors.

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The Sociology of Disability-Based Economic Inequality

Abstract: why-employment-isnt-a-good-indicator-ofeconomic-well-being/ 250 Featured Essay Contemporary Sociology 51, 4 Featured Essay 251 Contemporary Sociology 51, 4

Cited by 10 publications

References 143 publications

Not in My Schoolyard: Disability Discrimination in Educational Access

Not in My Schoolyard: Disability Discrimination in Educational Access

Factors Explaining the Change in Socioeconomic Inequality of Disability in Iran: A Repeated Cross-sectional Study

Economic precarity and changing levels of anxiety and stress among Canadians with disabilities and chronic health conditions throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic

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