The Sodium and Potassium Content of Non-Halophilic Bacteria in Relation to Salt Tolerance

Christian, J. H. B.; Waltho, Judith A.

doi:10.1099/00221287-25-1-97

Cited by 80 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Cells of Staph. aureU8 contain large amounts of potassium and small amounts of sodium in comparison with many other bacteria (Christian and Waltho 1961). The present data show that the cells possessed some 27 fL-equiv.…”

Section: (F) Effect Of Butanol On Retention Of Solutessupporting

confidence: 53%

The Effects of Washing Treatments on the Composition of Staphylococcus Aureus

Christian¹

1962

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryCells of Staphylococcus aureU8 grown in a medium of water activity (aw) 0·993 were washed in water and in solutions of sucrose, glycerol, NaCl, KC1, NH4Cl, and MgS04 of 0·993 aw• Retention of sodium and potassium and loss of ultravioletabsorbing compounds were measured. Retention of sodium was greatest after washing in water or in glycerol solution, while potassium and ultraviolet-absorbing compounds were largely retained in all of the washing treatments. With cells grown in a medium of 0·92 aw, washing in solutions of sucrose or N aCl rel;lulted in leakage of potassium and ultraviolet-absorbing substances if the aw of the washing solution exceeded O· 94. Butanol treatment revealed fixed anions within the cell with equal affinity for sodium and potassium ions. The negative changes in crude cell wall preparations also showed no differentiation between these cations. These results are discussed and compared with data obtained previously for Salmonella oranie.nburg.

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Section: (F) Effect Of Butanol On Retention Of Solutessupporting

confidence: 53%

The Effects of Washing Treatments on the Composition of Staphylococcus Aureus

Christian¹

1962

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…Under normal growth conditions, K ϩ is by far the most abundant cation in E. coli (598), and glutamate is the most abundant amino acid anion (599). Not glutamate but trehalose is the most abundant metabolite only at low growth rates (578).…”

Section: Gs Gogat and Gdh Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Assimilation in Escherichia coli: Putting Molecular Data into a Systems Perspective

Heeswijk¹,

Westerhoff

Boogerd³

2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

232

246

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SUMMARY We present a comprehensive overview of the hierarchical network of intracellular processes revolving around central nitrogen metabolism in Escherichia coli . The hierarchy intertwines transport, metabolism, signaling leading to posttranslational modification, and transcription. The protein components of the network include an ammonium transporter (AmtB), a glutamine transporter (GlnHPQ), two ammonium assimilation pathways (glutamine synthetase [GS]-glutamate synthase [glutamine 2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase {GOGAT}] and glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH]), the two bifunctional enzymes adenylyl transferase/adenylyl-removing enzyme (ATase) and uridylyl transferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (UTase), the two trimeric signal transduction proteins (GlnB and GlnK), the two-component regulatory system composed of the histidine protein kinase nitrogen regulator II (NRII) and the response nitrogen regulator I (NRI), three global transcriptional regulators called nitrogen assimilation control (Nac) protein, leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp), and cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (Crp), the glutaminases, and the nitrogen-phosphotransferase system. First, the structural and molecular knowledge on these proteins is reviewed. Thereafter, the activities of the components as they engage together in transport, metabolism, signal transduction, and transcription and their regulation are discussed. Next, old and new molecular data and physiological data are put into a common perspective on integral cellular functioning, especially with the aim of resolving counterintuitive or paradoxical processes featured in nitrogen assimilation. Finally, we articulate what still remains to be discovered and what general lessons can be learned from the vast amounts of data that are available now.

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“…Many species of bacteria respond to elevated medium osmotic pressure by accumulating inorganic ions and low-molecular-mass organic solutes, such as amino acids and their derivatives, or carbohydrates, to high intracellular concentrations (Brown, 1976 Imhoff, 1986). The primary response to osmotic stress in bacteria is the accumulation of K+ ions (Christian & Waltho, 1961; Epstein, 1986), with a concomitant increase in glutamate concentration (Measures, 1975 Hastings, 1979;Yap & Lim, 1983). As a secondary response, the microorganism can take up large amounts of osmotically active solutes such as proline and betaines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic adjustment in Brevibacterium ammoniagenes: pipecolic acid accumulation at elevated osmolalities

Gouesbet¹,

Blanco²,

Hamelin³

et al. 1992

Journal of General Microbiology

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B r e v h W ummonkgenes ATCC 6872 was grown aerobically in minimal defined glucose media of different osmolrrlitles induced either by NaCl, other ektrolytes or non-electrolytes. Growth rate was slightly dected by elevafbn of medium o s m o~ up to 1 M-NaCl, but severely decreased at 1.5 M; however even at 2 M-Naa, slow growth still Occlllfed. GIycine betahe (or its precrvsor choline) did not stimulate growth in high amnotic media, although it accumulated intracelldarly and was not metabolized. An organic solute which increased substantially in concentration during osmotic treatment with various osmolytes, was isolated and identified as pipecolic acid. No accumulation of this imi110 acid was observed when the medium concentration was raised by adding the permeant glycerol or when the culture medium was supplemented with glycine betaine (1 mM). While this non-proteic cyclic amino acid may play an important role in bacterial adaptation to environmental stress, it did not accumulate to a big4 level. Preiimimuy data suggest that the biosynthesis of pipecolic acid from lysine is strongly regulated by external osmohlity.

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The Sodium and Potassium Content of Non-Halophilic Bacteria in Relation to Salt Tolerance

Cited by 80 publications

References 7 publications

The Effects of Washing Treatments on the Composition of Staphylococcus Aureus

The Effects of Washing Treatments on the Composition of Staphylococcus Aureus

Nitrogen Assimilation in Escherichia coli: Putting Molecular Data into a Systems Perspective

Osmotic adjustment in Brevibacterium ammoniagenes: pipecolic acid accumulation at elevated osmolalities

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