The soil organisms responsible for the enhanced biodegradation of metham sodium

Warton, Ben; Matthiessen, John N.; Roper, Margaret M.

doi:10.1007/s003740100410

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Freeze‐dried and finely ground fodder rape, Brassica napus biennis L, root tissue produced a similar total isothiocyanate concentration of 67.20 µmol g −1 dry weight of a more diverse isothiocyanate profile including 54.8% 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate (aromatic), 24.0% butenyl, 16.6% 4‐methylthiobutyl, 3.1% 3‐methylthiopropyl, 0.8% 2‐propenyl and traces of other isothiocyanates (all aliphatic). Isothiocyanates released by the hydrolysed plant tissue were captured by shaking with ethyl acetate over 24 h with methyl isothiocyanate as the normalisation standard, filtered and dried, and analysed by gas chromatography 17…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofumigation: environmental impacts on the biological activity of diverse pure and plant‐derived isothiocyanates

Matthiessen

Shackleton

2005

Pest Management Science

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Four pure isothiocyanates (methyl, 2-propenyl, benzyl and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate), hydrolysing tissue of two brassicas rich in either 2-propenyl or 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, and the methyl isothiocyanate-generating pesticide metam-sodium were tested in vapour exposure tests for biological activity against a model soil insect both in vitro and in the presence of three contrasting soils and under four temperatures from 5 to 20 degrees C. The purpose was to develop an understanding of the factors controlling isothiocyanate release and maintenance in soil in order to identify advantageous attributes to seek in utilising brassicas for isothiocyanate-based biofumigation. Methyl isothiocyanate, structurally the simplest and the most volatile, was the most biologically active isothiocyanate under all conditions. It was less affected by the presence of soil and by lower temperature than the longer-chain aliphatic 2-propenyl isothiocyanate. The activity of the less volatile aromatic isothiocyanates was reduced much more by soil, with a decline up to many thousand-fold in the presence of soil with high organic matter content at lower temperature. Metam-sodium closely reflected the methyl isothiocyanate results. The results indicate that brassicas rich in aliphatic isothiocyanates are more likely to have the potential to exert stronger isothiocyanate-based biofumigation effects than those similarly rich in aromatic isothiocyanates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofumigation: environmental impacts on the biological activity of diverse pure and plant‐derived isothiocyanates

Matthiessen

Shackleton

2005

Pest Management Science

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“…For example, a Brevibacterium sp., Microbacterium esteraromaticum and other bacteria, were able to hydrolyse the P-O-C bond of fenamiphos (ethyl 4-methylthio-m-tolyl isopropylphosphoramidate) (Megharaj et al 2003;Caceres et al 2009;Cabrera et al 2010). Rhodococcus and Bacillus strains were also able to rapidly degrade methyl isothiocyanate (Warton et al 2001). In addition, a Rhodococcus strain and Serratia marcescens DI101 were found to be competent in the rapid degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene and diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate), respectively (Ou et al 2001;Abo-Amer 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a strain of Pseudomonas putida isolated from agricultural soil that degrades cadusafos (an organophosphorus pesticide)

Abo‐Amer

2011

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Bacteria capable of degrading the pesticide, cadusafos, were isolated from agricultural soil using an enrichment method. In this way, five distinct cadusafos-degrading strains of Pseudomonas putidia were isolated, and were characterized using morphological and biochemical analysis, as well as 16S rRNA sequencing. Strain PC1 exhibited the greatest cadusafos degradation rate and was consequently selected for further investigation. Degradation of cadusafos by strain PC1 was rapid at 20 and 37°C, but was greatly reduced (~1.5-fold) by the presence of carbon sources. Strain PC1 was able to effectively degrade cadusafos in sterilized soil using low inoculum levels. The maximum degradation rate of cadusafos (V ( max )) was calculated as 1.1 mg l(-1 )day(-1), and its saturation constant (K ( s )) was determined as 2.5 mg l(-1). Bacteria such as strain PC1, that use cadusafos as a carbon source, could be employed for the bioremediation of sites contaminated with pesticides.

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“…Metam‐sodium (sodium N ‐methyldithiocarbamate in aqueous solution), a widely used soil‐applied pesticide, breaks down rapidly in moist soil to form methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), which is the broad‐spectrum toxic compound, and it is the MITC that can be biodegraded in soil 17, 18. The specific effect of soil pH on the enhanced biodegradation of metam‐sodium has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly severe enhanced biodegradation of metam‐sodium occurs in south‐western Australia, where it is commonly applied frequently over long periods in carrot production,18 resulting in reduced capacity to control soil pests 19. In this region, carrots are cultivated in coarse sandy soils that have an intrinsic pH ranging from acidic to alkaline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The crucial role of calcium interacting with soil pH in enhanced biodegradation of metam‐sodium

Warton

Matthiessen

2005

Pest Management Science

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Enhanced biodegradation of soil-applied pesticides has long been correlated with soil pH above ca 6.5-7.5, but the possibility of confounding or interdependence with calcium, given that soil calcium concentration increases exponentially as pH rises above that range, has not previously been studied. Enhanced biodegradation of the broad-spectrum biocide metam-sodium was readily induced de novo in a naturally acid sandy soil (pH 4.2 measured in 0.01 M CaCl2) by multiple treatments, but only when the pH and calcium concentration were raised simultaneously using calcium carbonate (lime). Enhanced biodegradation was not induced when soil pH alone was raised with magnesium carbonate, nor when calcium alone was raised using calcium chloride. In limed sand treated monthly for 12 months, the degradation rate increased to where dissipation was complete within 24 h of application after the fifth metam-sodium treatment at pH 7.8 and after the eighth metam-sodium treatment at pH 6.8. Pesticide concentration was reduced, but not eliminated, at pH 5.8 and was unchanged at pH 4.8. When metam-sodium was applied bi- and tri-monthly, the degradation rate also increased when soil pH was raised with calcium carbonate, but to a lesser extent than with monthly applications. In an acid loam soil amended to the same pH values with calcium carbonate and treated monthly, there was no correlation between soil pH or calcium concentration and degradation. The results reveal the crucial interdependence of pH and calcium concentration in enhancement of biodegradation of soil-applied pesticides, but confirm that the phenomenon ultimately depends on interaction with soil type and frequency of application factors, all of which probably together act to affect the abundance, composition and activity of the soil microbial biomass.

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The soil organisms responsible for the enhanced biodegradation of metham sodium

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Biofumigation: environmental impacts on the biological activity of diverse pure and plant‐derived isothiocyanates

Biofumigation: environmental impacts on the biological activity of diverse pure and plant‐derived isothiocyanates

Characterization of a strain of Pseudomonas putida isolated from agricultural soil that degrades cadusafos (an organophosphorus pesticide)

The crucial role of calcium interacting with soil pH in enhanced biodegradation of metam‐sodium

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