The Solid Electrolyte Interphase a key parameter of the high performance of Sb in sodium-ion batteries: Comparative X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy study of Sb/Na-ion and Sb/Li-ion batteries

Bodenes, Lucille; Darwiche, Ali; Monconduit, Laure; Martínez, Hervé

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.037

Cited by 179 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…All spectra are correctedw ith respectt ot he peak positiona t2 85.0 eV (ÀCH 2 À) [32,33] from the pristine LTO electrode sample. [33,34] When the LTOe lectrodes are sodiated,t wo peaks appear.T he signal at 684.0 eV can be assigned to LiF and NaF; [35,36] for all samples, thesep eaks appear at similarb inding energies. [33,34] When the LTOe lectrodes are sodiated,t wo peaks appear.T he signal at 684.0 eV can be assigned to LiF and NaF; [35,36] for all samples, thesep eaks appear at similarb inding energies.…”

Section: Surfaceanalysis After Electrochemical Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Can Metallic Sodium Electrodes Affect the Electrochemistry of Sodium‐Ion Batteries? Reactivity Issues and Perspectives

et al. 2019

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Sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) are promising energy‐storage devices with advantages such as low cost and highly abundant raw materials. To probe the electrochemical properties of NIBs, sodium metal is most frequently applied as the reference and/or counter electrode in state‐of‐the‐art literature. However, the high reactivity of the sodium metal and its impact on the electrochemical performance is usually neglected. In this study, it is shown that spontaneous reactions of sodium metal with organic electrolytes and the importance of critical interpretation of electrochemical experiments is emphasized. When using sodium‐metal half‐cells, decomposition products contaminate the electrolyte during the electrochemical measurement and can easily lead to wrong conclusions about the stability of the active materials. The cycling stability is highly affected by these electrolyte contaminations, which is proven by comparing sodium‐metal‐free cell with sodium‐metal‐containing cells. Interestingly, a more stable cycling performance of the Li4Ti5O12 half‐cells can be observed when replacing the Na metal counter and reference electrodes with activated carbon electrodes. This difference is attributed to the altered properties of the electrolyte as a result of contamination and to different surface chemistries.

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Section: Surfaceanalysis After Electrochemical Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Can Metallic Sodium Electrodes Affect the Electrochemistry of Sodium‐Ion Batteries? Reactivity Issues and Perspectives

et al. 2019

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“…Synchrotron radiation based PES studies have recently been performed on the Li-air battery [77][78][79] and a first detailed investigation using SOXPES of the SEI formed in a Na-ion battery compared that in a Li-ion battery has recently been published by our group. 38 SEI studies of Na-ion batteries using in-house PES has become more common [80][81][82] and an investigation using HAXPES on hard carbon was recently reported. 83 …”

Section: Negative Electrode Materials-insertion/intercalation Materimentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Lithium Battery Interface Studies

Philippe

Hahlin

Edström

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

124

136

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Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) has become an important tool for investigating Li-ion battery materials, in particular for analyzing interfacial structures and reactions. Since the methodology was introduced in the battery research area, PES has undergone a dramatic development regarding photon sources, sample handling and electron energy analyzers. This includes the possibility to use synchrotron radiation with increased intensity and the possibility to vary the photon energy. The aim of the present paper is to describe how PES can be used to investigate battery interfaces and specifically highlight how synchrotron based PES has been implemented to address different questions useful for the development of the Li-ion batteries. We also present some recent developments of the techniques, which have the potential to further push the limits for the use of photoelectron spectroscopy in battery research. A classical Li-ion battery system is composed of a positive and a negative electrode able to reversibly host lithium. The electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte (lithium salt in an organic solvent) while a separator prohibits direct contact between the two electrodes, see Figure 1a. [1][2][3][4][5] Over the last decades, various electrodes materials have been investigated and an overview of the materials investigated as positive, negative electrode or electrolytes can be found in various recent reviews. [6][7][8] Further development of the battery chemistry requires understanding of the fundamental properties of the components and how it relates to their functionality in an operating device. Specifically, it is becoming more and more crucial to better understand the properties of the interface regions between the different battery components, since the interfacial chemistry is closely linked to battery behaviors such as self-discharge properties, safety and cycling stability.At the interface between the host material and the electrolyte side reactions occur and specifically at potentials outside the thermodynamic stability window of the electrolyte. For electrochemical potentials below about 0.8 V vs. Li + /Li, most organic solvents are thermodynamically unstable and a passivating SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase 9 ) layer is formed at the negative electrode/electrolyte boundary. Side products observed at the positive electrode/electrolyte interfaces are referred as to SPI (Solid Permeable Interphase) layer. 10The chemical compositions of the surface layers are different for the negative and the positive electrode materials and while thick SEI (∼30-100 Å) is formed on negative electrode materials, the SPI formed on the positive electrode materials is mostly much thinner (5-10 Å) as illustrated in Figure 1b. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) displays several of the desirable features to investigate Li-ion battery interfacial chemistry. These features are foremost a controllable surface sensitivity, in the range of the interphase layer thicknesses, in combination with the composition sensit...

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“…R ct and CPE2 are related to the resistance and constant phase element of the charge-transfer reactions; they are responsible for the semicircles at medium frequencies. [ 50,51 ] The disappearance of the peak at 284.6 eV associated with the C C bands of carbon black may indicate the formation of a thick SEI fi lm on the surface of the electrode with linear chitosan, which exceeds the XPS detection limit of depth of about 8-10 nm. [ 48 ] The constant phase element (CPE) arises from the non-ideal behavior of the electrode (porosity of the material and roughness of the surface).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐Linked Chitosan as a Polymer Network Binder for an Antimony Anode in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Gao

Zhou

Jang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

107

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the limited content of Sb in the composites and the low capacity of carbon materials.Polymer binders that contain carboxyl groups and their derivatives, such as poly(acrylic acid) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), have been reported to suppress suffi ciently the reduction of electrolytes and, therefore, to enable better electrochemical performances of anode materials for sodiumion batteries than the polymer binder of poly(vinylidene fl uoride) (PVDF). [25][26][27][28] However, the repeated volume change of alloy-type anodes during sodiation/desodiation reactions can induce sliding of the chains of linear polymer binders. As a result, irreversible deformations of the polymer chains occur repeatedly with the degradation of mechanical and electrical integrity of the electrode structures. The application of crosslinked polymer binders was previously demonstrated as an effi cient approach to accommodate the extreme volume change of silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries during lithiation/ delithiation reactions. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Herein, a novel polymer network consisting of cross-linked chitosan was designed as a polymer binder to immobilize Sb particles in the anode for sodium-ion batteries. The cross-linked chitosan polymer network can effectively suppress the adverse mechanical effect from the large volume expansion and therefore enhance the electrochemical performance of the Sb anode in sodium-ion batteries.As the second most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose, chitin and its deacetylated derivative of chitosan, are carbohydrate-based linear polymers composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit) ( Figure 1 A). [ 37 ] Upon dissolution of chitosan in dilute acetic acid solution, the resulting aqueous solution has a light yellow color. After addition of glutaraldehyde to the chitosan solution, the pale yellow solution becomes a darker yellow color. This is a qualitative indicator of the cross-linking reaction between glutaraldehyde and chitosan with the formation of a cross-linked polymeric network architecture that brings about the sol-gel phase transition of the chitosan solution ( Figure S1A, Supporting Information). The condensation reaction between the amino groups of chitosan and the aldehyde groups of glutaraldehyde with the formation of an amine bond is generally considered responsible for the cross-linking of the two components (Figure 1 B). [ 38 ] The weight fraction of chitosan in the solution is 2% to ensure a good fl uidity. Therefore, about 98% water was trapped in the cross-linked chitosan gelatin even after a small amount of glutaraldehyde was introduced, revealing a large percent of free space available to store materials in the polymer network.Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was conducted to verify the reaction between chitosan and glutaraldehyde. The spectra of chitosan reveal an absorption band at 3400 cm −1 because of the O-H stretching vibration; whereas the band at B...

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The Solid Electrolyte Interphase a key parameter of the high performance of Sb in sodium-ion batteries: Comparative X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy study of Sb/Na-ion and Sb/Li-ion batteries

Cited by 179 publications

References 45 publications

Can Metallic Sodium Electrodes Affect the Electrochemistry of Sodium‐Ion Batteries? Reactivity Issues and Perspectives

Can Metallic Sodium Electrodes Affect the Electrochemistry of Sodium‐Ion Batteries? Reactivity Issues and Perspectives

Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Lithium Battery Interface Studies

Cross‐Linked Chitosan as a Polymer Network Binder for an Antimony Anode in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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