The solid state13C NMR studies of intermolecular hydrogen bonding formation in a blend of phenolic resin and poly(hydroxyl ether) of bisphenol A

Wu, Hui‐Chun; Chen‐Chi, M.; Chang, Feng‐Chih

doi:10.1002/1521-3935(20000701)201:11<1121::aid-macp1121>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…To the best of our knowledge, however, only a few reports exist that describe binary polymer blends incorporating these self-association polymers. We reported that the phenolic/phenoxy − and PVPh/phenoxy blends are totally miscible in the amorphous phase because of the hydrogen bonds that exist between their polymer segments. In those previous studies, − we calculated the interassociation equilibrium constants between each binary blend from analyses of suitable model compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We reported that the phenolic/phenoxy − and PVPh/phenoxy blends are totally miscible in the amorphous phase because of the hydrogen bonds that exist between their polymer segments. In those previous studies, − we calculated the interassociation equilibrium constants between each binary blend from analyses of suitable model compounds. The interassociation equilibrium constants obtained from model compounds, however, are not exactly the same as those of the true polymer blends because of intramolecular screening and functional group accessibility effects − in miscible polymer blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Unusual, Completely Miscible, Ternary Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Blend of Phenoxy, Phenolic, and PCL

Kuo

Chan

et al. 2005

Macromolecules

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We have investigated the miscibility and hydrogen-bonding behavior of ternary blends of phenoxy, phenolic, and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On the basis of DSC analyses, we observed a rare totally miscible ternary hydrogen-bonded polymer blend in the amorphous phase: all compositions of this ternary blend display a single glass transition temperature. In addition, these single glass transition temperatures can be predicted well by extending the Kwei equation from the binary polymer blend to this ternary polymer blend. The infrared spectra indicate that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of each pair of binary components still exists in the ternary polymer blend. We used the ternary totally miscible blend to determine the interassociation equilibrium constant between the hydroxyl groups of phenolic and the hydroxyl groups of phenoxy indirectly from the fraction of hydrogen-bonded carbonyl groups of PCL. Quantitative analyses suggest that interassociation between the hydroxyl groups of phenolic and the hydroxyl groups of phenoxy is more favorable than the hydroxyl−carbonyl interassociations of either phenolic/PCL or phenoxy/PCL and the hydroxyl−hydroxyl self-association of the pure phenolic and phenoxy homopolymers at room temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unusual, Completely Miscible, Ternary Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Blend of Phenoxy, Phenolic, and PCL

Kuo

Chan

et al. 2005

Macromolecules

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“…A typical feature of novolac resins is the ability to form hydrogen bonds in novolac resins or novolac blends. Fahrenholtz et al, Wu et al, and Kuo et al verified that the compatibility and glass transition temperatures ( T g values) of some novolac blends, such as with poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly(vinylpyridines), were significantly improved, because of the formation of hydrogen bonds network in the novolac blends. For this reason, novolac resins could be used not only as intermediate products of cured PR but also as a polar resin with good compatibility with other resins. , The hydrogen bonds in novolac blends can easily be characterized by FTIR and NMR. ,,, However, the number and distribution of hydrogen bonds in novolac resins are difficult to be investigated using the above techniques, and it has also proved challenging to evaluate the influence of hydrogen bonds on the chain conformation and physical properties of novolac resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nonbond Interactions in the Glass Transition of Novolac-Type Phenolic Resin: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Bian¹,

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Nonbond interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and π–π/p-π interactions, have a decisive effect on the physical properties of phenolic-rich polymers, such as the novolac-type phenolic resins. To study the influence of nonbond interactions on the glass transition temperature (T g) of novolac resins, both the molecular dynamics and experimental approaches were applied. The results show that, compared with the o-p′ type novolac, the o-o′ type novolac models have relatively lower gyration radiuses and higher T g values because more intramolecular hydrogen bonds can be formed in the o-o′ type novolac models. As there are fewer hydrogen bonds formed in o-p′ type novolac, the π–π and p-π interactions, which decrease with the degree of polymerization and temperature, strongly influence the glass transition of o-p′ type novolac. These results provide a new perspective on the structural-property relationship of phenolic resin.

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The totally miscible in ternary hydrogen‐bonded polymer blend of poly(vinyl phenol)/phenoxy/phenolic

Kuo

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The individual binary polymer blends of phenolic/phenoxy, phenolic/poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh), and phenoxy/PVPh have specific interaction through intermolecular hydrogen bonding of hydroxyl-hydroxyl group to form homogeneous miscible phase. In addition, the miscibility and hydrogen bonding behaviors of ternary hydrogen bond blends of phenolic/phenoxy/PVPh were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. According to the DSC analysis, every composition of the ternary blend shows single glass transition temperature (T g ), indicating that this ternary hydrogenbonded blend is totally miscible. The interassociation equilibrium constant between each binary blend was calculated from the appropriate model compounds. The interassociation equilibrium constant (K A ) of each individually binary blend is higher than any self-association equilibrium constant (K B ), resulting in the hydroxyl group tending to form interassociation hydrogen bond. Photographs of optical microscopy show this ternary blend possess lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase diagram.

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The solid state13C NMR studies of intermolecular hydrogen bonding formation in a blend of phenolic resin and poly(hydroxyl ether) of bisphenol A

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

An Unusual, Completely Miscible, Ternary Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Blend of Phenoxy, Phenolic, and PCL

An Unusual, Completely Miscible, Ternary Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Blend of Phenoxy, Phenolic, and PCL

Role of Nonbond Interactions in the Glass Transition of Novolac-Type Phenolic Resin: A Molecular Dynamics Study

The totally miscible in ternary hydrogen‐bonded polymer blend of poly(vinyl phenol)/phenoxy/phenolic

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