The Solstad Cu‐Co‐Au mineralization and its relation to post‐Svecofennian regional shear zones in southeastern Sweden

Söderhielm, Johan; Sundblad, Krister

doi:10.1080/11035899609546323

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Our study area is located on the southern rim of a 100,000 km 2 ore-rich geological region of central Sweden (Stephens et al 2009). Active mining from Solstad Gruva, a copper mine along the shore of Gåsfjärden, started in the 1630s and ended in 1920 (Hermansson 1966;Söderhielm and Sundblad 1996). It is possible that the copper mining started earlier, already by the end of the 15th century, concurrently with the copper mine in the nearby Gladhammar (Hermansson 1966).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore it is likely that the mine acted as a strong local point source of Cu pollution. The principal Cu ore mined at Solstad was chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) (Söderhielm and Sundblad 1996). Thus one likely mechanism of Cu transport to the study site may have been oxidation of chalcopyrite in tailings due to leaching by rainwater, followed by mobilization of Cu through complexation with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (Lazerte et al 1989).…”

Section: Trace Metal Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic and climatic impacts on a coastal environment in the Baltic Sea over the last 1000 years

et al. 2018

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Coastal environments have experienced large ecological changes as a result of human activities over the last 100−200 years. To understand the severity and potential consequences of such changes, paleoenvironmental records provide important contextual information. The Baltic Sea coastal zone is naturally a vulnerable system and subject to significant human-induced impacts. To put the recent environmental degradation in the Baltic coastal zone into a long-term perspective, and to assess the natural and anthropogenic drivers of environmental change, we present sedimentary records covering the last 1000 years obtained from a coastal inlet (Gåsfjärden) and a nearby lake (Lake Storsjön) in Sweden. We investigate the links between a pollen-based land cover reconstruction from Lake Storsjön and paleoenvironmental variables from Gåsfjärden itself, including diatom assemblages, organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, stable C and N isotopic ratios, and biogenic silica contents. The Lake Storsjön record shows that regional land use was characterized by small-scale agricultural activity between 900 and 1400 CE, which slightly intensified between 1400 and 1800 CE. Substantial expansion of cropland was observed between 1800 and 1950 CE, before afforestation between 1950 and 2010 CE. From the Gåsfjärden record, prior to 1800 CE, relatively minor changes in the diatom and geochemical proxies were found. The onset of cultural eutrophication in Gåsfjärden can be traced to the 1800s and intensified land use is identified as the main driver. Anthropogenic activities in the 20th century have caused unprecedented ecosystem changes in the coastal inlet, as reflected in the diatom composition and geochemical proxies.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trace Metal Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic and climatic impacts on a coastal environment in the Baltic Sea over the last 1000 years

et al. 2018

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“…Sampling procedure and sites description Västervik Gåsfjärden (57°34.35'N, 16°34.98'E) is a semi-enclosed inlet on the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea. It has been exposed to varying mining activity from the Solstad copper mine from the 17 th to the early 20 th century (Söderhielm & Sundblad, 1996). We have previously documented detailed sedimentological features of Gåsfjärden and inferred past environmental changes from this data (Ning, Ghosh, et al, 2016;Ning et al, 2018;Ning, Tang, et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 km 2 ) copper mining polluted inlet in the Baltic Sea, we have previously observed that strains of S. marinoi appear overly tolerant to several metals present in the mining ore (Andersson et al, 2020) and that toxic metal stress can affect interspecific competition between diatoms (Andersson et al, 2022). The mine is located on the shoreline and was active from the 17 th until the early 20 th century (Söderhielm & Sundblad, 1996). The sediment in the inlet is polluted with several metals whose concentrations across depth layers correlate negatively with the abundance of S. marinoi micro-fossils (Ning et al, 2018), suggesting that metal pollution has had an adverse effect on this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-specific metabarcoding reveals rapid evolution of copper tolerance in populations of the coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi

Andersson

Berglund

Filipsson

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Phytoplankton have short generation times, flexible reproduction strategies, large population sizes, and high standing genetic diversity, traits that should facilitate rapid evolution under directional selection. We quantified local adaptation of copper tolerance in a population of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi from a mining exposed inlet in the Baltic Sea and in a non-exposed population 100 km away. We hypothesized that mining pollution has driven evolution of elevated copper tolerance in the impacted population of S. marinoi. Assays of 58 strains originating from sediment resting stages revealed no difference in the average tolerance to copper between the two populations. However, variation within populations was greater at the mining site, with three strains displaying hyper-tolerant phenotypes. In an artificial evolution experiment, we used a novel intraspecific metabarcoding locus to track selection and quantify fitness of all 58 strains during co-cultivation in one control and one toxic copper treatment. As expected, the hyper-tolerant strains enabled rapid evolution of copper tolerance in the mining exposed population through selection on available strain diversity. Within 42 days, in each experimental replicate a single strain dominated (30-99% abundance) but different strains dominated the different treatments. The reference population developed tolerance beyond expectations primarily due to slowly developing plastic response in one strain, suggesting that different modes of copper tolerance are present in the two populations. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence that standing genetic diversity of phytoplankton resting stage allows populations to evolve rapidly (20-50 generations) and flexibly on timescales relevant for seasonal bloom progressions.

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“…Individual strains of S. marinoi were germinated and isolated from sediment resting stages using standard micropipetting techniques (Härnström et al 2011). Surface sediment was collected from two semi-enclosed inlets of the brackish Baltic Sea, where one (Gåsfjärden [VG]; 57°34.35'N 16°34.98'E) has been exposed to historical copper mining (Söderhielm and Sundblad 1996) while the other (Gropviken [GP]; 58°19.92'N 16°42.35'E) has not. A total of 69 and 55 strains were isolated from VG and GP, with 88% and 94% survival, respectively.…”

Section: Strain Retrieval and Whole Genome Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bamboozle: A bioinformatic tool for identification and quantification of intraspecific barcodes

Pinder

Andersson

Rengefors

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Evolutionary changes in populations of microbes, such as microalgae, cannot be traced using conventional metabarcoding loci as they lack intraspecific resolution. Consequently, selection and competition processes amongst strains of the same species cannot be resolved without elaborate isolation, culturing, and genotyping efforts. Bamboozle, a new bioinformatic tool introduced here, scans a species' entire genome and identifies allele-rich barcodes that enable direct identification of different strains from a common population, and a single DNA sample, using amplicon sequencing. We demonstrate its usefulness by identifying hypervariable barcoding loci (<500 bp) from genomic data in two microalgal species, the diploid diatom Skeletonema marinoi, and the haploid chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Across the genomes, only 26 loci capable of resolving all available strains' genotypes were identified, all of which are within protein-coding genes of variable metabolic function. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provided the most reliable genetic markers, and amongst 55 strains of S. marinoi, three 500 bp loci contained, on average, 46 SNPs, 103 unique alleles, and displayed 100% heterozygosity. The prevalence of heterozygosity was identified as a novel opportunity to improve strain quantification and detect false positive artefacts during denoising of amplicon sequences. Finally, we illustrate how metabarcoding of a single genetic locus can be used to track strain abundances of 58 strains of S. marinoi in an artificial selection experiment. As future genomics datasets become available and DNA sequencing technologies develop, Bamboozle has flexible user settings enabling optimal barcodes to be designed for other species and applications.

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The Solstad Cu‐Co‐Au mineralization and its relation to post‐Svecofennian regional shear zones in southeastern Sweden

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Anthropogenic and climatic impacts on a coastal environment in the Baltic Sea over the last 1000 years

Anthropogenic and climatic impacts on a coastal environment in the Baltic Sea over the last 1000 years

Strain-specific metabarcoding reveals rapid evolution of copper tolerance in populations of the coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi

Bamboozle: A bioinformatic tool for identification and quantification of intraspecific barcodes

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