The solubility of calcite in seawater at atmospheric pressure and 35%permil; salinity

Ingle, Sara E.; Culberson, Charles H.; Hawley, J. E.; Pytkowicz, Ricardo M.

doi:10.1016/0304-4203(73)90019-4

Cited by 77 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Since the calcite solubility measurements of Ingle et al [1973] have been verified by a number of field studies [Broecker and Takahashi, 1978;Sayles, 1980], a comparison of the ratio of the aragonite solubility data at 25øC, 35%0 salinity, and 1 atmosphere total pressure with the 25øC, 35%0 salinity calcite solubility data of Ingle et al [1973] should provide further confirmation of the importance of equilibration time for accu-rate aragonite solubility data. Table 1 gives the ratio of K'sva/K's•c versus equilibration time using the calcite solubility data of Ingle et al [1973] and the aragonite solubility data obtained by various investigators in seawater at 25øC, 1 atmosphere pressure, and 35%0 salinity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Factors influencing the degree of saturation of the surface and intermediate waters of the North Pacific Ocean with respect to aragonite

Feely¹,

Byrne²,

Betzer³

et al. 1984

J. Geophys. Res.

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New carbonate chemistry data obtained during a 1982 cruise have been combined with earlier GE‐OSECS and INDOPAC data to determine the degree of aragonite saturation of surface and intermediate waters of the North Pacific. Large gradients in saturation state occur in the region of the Subarctic Front in the north‐south direction and across the Subtropical Gyre in the east‐west direction. These gradients are primarily due to the extensive mixing that occurs in the intermediate waters of the western North Pacific. The major variations in saturation state were primarily related to the carbonate ion concentration, which, in turn, is primarily a function of mixing and biological processes. The present aragonite saturation depth at our northernmost station in the western North Pacific was calculated to be within 120 m of the surface. This result was directly corroborated by observations of aragonite dissolution under in vitro conditions. Our calculations show that one possible effect of fossil fuel‐derived CO2 on the surface of the North Pacific will be a steady progression of undersaturation from the northern to southern and western areas, with the first sign of undersaturation possibly occurring as early as the second half of the next century.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Factors influencing the degree of saturation of the surface and intermediate waters of the North Pacific Ocean with respect to aragonite

Feely¹,

Byrne²,

Betzer³

et al. 1984

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Morse and Berner, 1972;Ingle et al, 1973;Berner and Morse, 1974;Berner, 1976;Morse, 1978;Honjo and Erez, 1978;Plummer et al, 1978;Keir, 1980;Walter and Morse, 1985;Chou et al, 1989;Arakaki and Mucci, 1995;Morse and Arvidson, 2002;Gehlen et al, 2005a, b). It is in general described by a higher order dependence of the dissolution reaction on the degree of undersaturation of seawater:…”

Section: Carbonate Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of pelagic CaCO<sub>3</sub> production in a high CO<sub>2</sub> ocean: a model study

et al. 2007

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Abstract. This model study addresses the change in pelagic calcium carbonate production (CaCO 3 , as calcite in the model) and dissolution in response to rising atmospheric CO 2 . The parameterization of CaCO 3 production includes a dependency on the saturation state of seawater with respect to calcite. It was derived from laboratory and mesocosm studies on particulate organic and inorganic carbon production in Emiliania huxleyi as a function of pCO 2 . The model predicts values of CaCO 3 production and dissolution in line with recent estimates. The effect of rising pCO 2 on CaCO 3 production and dissolution was quantified by means of model simulations forced with atmospheric CO 2 increasing at a rate of 1% per year from 286 ppm to 1144 ppm over a 140 year time-period. The simulation predicts a decrease of CaCO 3 production by 27%. The combined change in production and dissolution of CaCO 3 yields an excess uptake of CO 2 from the atmosphere by the ocean of 5.9 GtC over the period of 140 years.

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“…The bottom water carbonate ion concentrations are those calculated for the two deep boxes by the model. The saturation concentration at each bin depth is calculated using the apparent solubility product of calcite in seawater at 1 atm pressure [Ingle et al, 1973] modified to account for temperature and pressure effects [Millero, 1995].…”

Section: Appendix B: Inverse Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicic acid leakage from the Southern Ocean: A possible explanation for glacial atmospheric pCO₂

Matsumoto

Sarmiento

Brzezinski

2002

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

260

276

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Using a simple box model, we investigate the effects of a reduced Si:N uptake ratio by Antarctic phytoplankton on the marine silica cycle and atmospheric pCO2. Recent incubation experiments demonstrate such a phenomenon in diatoms when iron is added [Hutchins and Bruland, 1998; Takeda, 1998; Franck et al., 2000]. The Southern Ocean may have supported diatoms with reduced Si:N uptake ratios compared to today during the dustier glacial times [Petit et al., 1999]. A similar reduction in the uptake ratio may be realized with an increased production of nondiatom phytoplankton such as Phaeocystis. Our model shows that reduced Si:N export ratios in the Southern Ocean create excess silicic acid, which may then be leaked out to lower latitudes. Any significant consumption of the excess silicic acid by diatoms that leads to an enhancement in their growth at the expense of coccolithophorids diminishes CaCO3 production and therefore diminishes the carbonate pump. In our box model the combination of a reduced carbonate pump and an open system carbonate compensation draw down steady state atmospheric CO2 from the interglacial 277 to 230–242 ppm, depending on where the excess silicic acid is consumed. By comparison, the atmospheric pCO2 sensitivity of general circulation models to carbonate pump forcing is ∼3.5–fold greater, which, combined with carbonate compensation, can account for peak glacial atmospheric pCO2. We discuss the importance of the initial rain ratio of CaCO3 to organic carbon on atmospheric pCO2 and relevant sedimentary records that support and constrain this “silicic acid leakage” scenario.

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The solubility of calcite in seawater at atmospheric pressure and 35%permil; salinity

Cited by 77 publications

References 14 publications

Factors influencing the degree of saturation of the surface and intermediate waters of the North Pacific Ocean with respect to aragonite

Factors influencing the degree of saturation of the surface and intermediate waters of the North Pacific Ocean with respect to aragonite

The fate of pelagic CaCO<sub>3</sub> production in a high CO<sub>2</sub> ocean: a model study

Silicic acid leakage from the Southern Ocean: A possible explanation for glacial atmospheric pCO₂

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The solubility of calcite in seawater at atmospheric pressure and 35%permil; salinity

Cited by 77 publications

References 14 publications

Factors influencing the degree of saturation of the surface and intermediate waters of the North Pacific Ocean with respect to aragonite

Factors influencing the degree of saturation of the surface and intermediate waters of the North Pacific Ocean with respect to aragonite

The fate of pelagic CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; production in a high CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ocean: a model study

Silicic acid leakage from the Southern Ocean: A possible explanation for glacial atmospheric pCO2

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The fate of pelagic CaCO<sub>3</sub> production in a high CO<sub>2</sub> ocean: a model study

Silicic acid leakage from the Southern Ocean: A possible explanation for glacial atmospheric pCO₂