The solubility of iron in seawater

Liu, Xuewu; Millero, Frank J.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(01)00074-3

Cited by 524 publications

(436 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Indeed, the solubility of iron is related strongly to pH and, at pH 4.7, Fe is more soluble than at seawater pH (Spokes et al, 1994). On the other hand, the higher ionic strength of seawater (Liu and Millero, 2002) and the presence of organic ligands increase Fe solubility (Gledhill and Van den Berg, 1994;Bruland, 1995, 1997). Interestingly, Powell and Donat (2001) 16.1 N) (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric iron deposition and sea-surface dissolved iron concentrations in the eastern Atlantic Ocean

Sarthou¹,

Baker²,

Blain³

et al. 2003

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

184

145

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Atmospheric iron and underway sea-surface dissolved (o0.2 mm) iron (DFe) concentrations were investigated along a north-south transect in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (27 N/16 W-19 S/5 E). Fe concentrations in aerosols and dry deposition fluxes of soluble Fe were at least two orders of magnitude higher in the Saharan dust plume than at the equator or at the extreme south of the transect. A weaker source of atmospheric Fe was also observed in the South Atlantic, possibly originating in southern Africa via the north-easterly outflow of the Angolan plume. Estimations of total atmospheric deposition fluxes (dry plus wet) of soluble Fe suggested that wet deposition dominated in the intertropical convergence zone, due to the very high amount of precipitation and to the fact that a substantial part of Fe was delivered in dissolved form. On the other hand, dry deposition dominated in the other regions of the transect (73-97%), where rainfall rates were much lower. Underway sea-surface DFe concentrations ranged 0.02-1.1 nM. Such low values (0.02 nM) are reported for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean and may be (co)-limiting for primary production. A significant correlation (Spearman's rho=0.862, po0:01) was observed between mean DFe concentrations and total atmospheric deposition fluxes, confirming the importance of atmospheric deposition on the iron cycle in the Atlantic. Residence time of DFe in the surface waters relative to atmospheric inputs were estimated in the northern part of our study area (1778 to 28716 d). These values confirmed the rapid removal of Fe from the surface waters, possibly by colloidal aggregation. r

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric iron deposition and sea-surface dissolved iron concentrations in the eastern Atlantic Ocean

Sarthou¹,

Baker²,

Blain³

et al. 2003

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

184

145

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“…The inorganic speciation of Fe III is strongly influenced by Fe(OH) x species (Byrne et al, 1988;Millero et al, 1995;Turner et al, 1981). The solubility of Fe III in seawater has recently been investigated over a range of ambient temperatures by Liu and Millero (2002). These authors found that in the absence of organic ligands the iron solubility is controlled by the solubility of the dominant Fe(OH) x species, with an increase in solubility with decreasing temperature, though presently there are no measurements below 5 8C.…”

Section: Iron Speciation In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Increased solubility of inorganic Fe(III) species (Liu and Millero, 2002). (3) The role of colloidal iron in regulating iron concentrations (Nishioka et al, 2001).…”

Section: Implications For Iron Redox Speciation In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal distribution of Fe(II) and H2O2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment

et al. 2005

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Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. concentrations increased at the depth of the chlorophyll maximum when iron concentrations returned to pre-infusion concentrations (b80 pM) possibly due to biological production related to iron reductase activity.In this work, Fe(II) and dissolved iron were used as tracers themselves for subsequent iron infusions when no further SF 6 was added. EisenEx was subject to periods of weak and strong mixing. Slow mixing after the second infusion allowed significant concentrations of Fe(II) and Fe to exist for several days. During this time, dissolved and total iron in the infusion plume behaved almost conservatively as it was trapped between a relict mixed layer and a new rain-induced mixed layer. Using dissolved iron, a value for the vertical diffusion coefficient K z =6.7F0.7 cm 2 s À1 was obtained for this 2-day period. During a subsequent surface survey of the iron-enriched patch, elevated levels of Fe(II) were found in surface waters presumably from Fe(II) dissolved in the rainwater that was falling at this time.Model results suggest that the reaction between uncomplexed Fe(III) and O 2 À was a significant source of Fe(II) during EisenEx and helped to maintain high levels of Fe(II) in the water column. This phenomenon may occur in iron enrichment experiments when two conditions are met: (i) When Fe is added to a system already saturated with regard to organic complexation and (ii) when mixing processes are slow, thereby reducing the dispersion of iron into under-saturated waters. D

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“…At the seawater pH (pH $ 8), the solubility of iron (III) is extremely low, but is enhanced by organic binding ligands [Liu and Millero, 2002]. Ligands have been demonstrated to be in excess compared to dissolved iron and to form strong iron-complexes (K cond Fe 0 L $ 10 12 ) [Van den Berg, 1995].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust iron dissolution in seawater: Results from a one‐year time‐series in the Mediterranean Sea

Wagener¹,

Pulido-Villena²,

Guieu³

2008

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] A better comprehension of atmospheric iron dissolution in seawater would be a key advance in understanding the atmospheric supply of iron to the ocean and its role on marine biogeochemistry. So far, different studies have demonstrated that dissolution of atmospheric iron depends on physical and chemical properties of the particles, which can be modified during their transport from the source. Here, based on a one-year time-series in the Western Mediterranean Sea, we show that dissolution of iron from a Saharan desert dust sample in seawater follows the seasonal trend of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) variability in the surface layer. As part of the DOC pool, the role of iron binding ligands, probably derived from bacteria activity, has also been investigated. The dust iron dissolution rates are found to be linearly dependent on iron binding ligands and dissolved organic carbon concentrations (r 2 > 0.65, p < 0.01, n = 9).

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The solubility of iron in seawater

Cited by 524 publications

References 27 publications

Atmospheric iron deposition and sea-surface dissolved iron concentrations in the eastern Atlantic Ocean

Atmospheric iron deposition and sea-surface dissolved iron concentrations in the eastern Atlantic Ocean

Spatial and temporal distribution of Fe(II) and H2O2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment

Dust iron dissolution in seawater: Results from a one‐year time‐series in the Mediterranean Sea

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