The solute-feeding Czochralski method for homogeneous GaInSb bulk alloy pulling

III–V Ternary bulk substrate growth technology: a review

“…For bulk single crystal growth of III-V ternary alloy, the lattice constant of the first-to-freeze section of the crystal should have solute content less than or equal to 5 mol% of the value in the seed [2][3][4][5][6]. For example, during the growth of single crystal Ga 1Àx In x Sb on GaSb seed, the first to freeze Ga 1Àx In x Sb should have xo0.05.…”

“…To obtain homogeneous composition along the growth direction, a variety of sophisticated meltreplenishing schemes for the depleted species have been attempted by different researchers with limited success [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The mass transport from the feed to the solid-liquid interface is not obvious or easy to control due to a complex interplay between fluid flow patterns and heat transfer.…”

“…Unlike binary compounds, spontaneously nucleated ternary alloys (such as from tip of a crucible in Bridgman method) are always polycrystalline in nature. Single crystalline seeds with lattice parameter within 1% are necessary for growing single crystalline ternary alloys [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Technical Developments and Principal Results of Vertical Feeding Method for GaSb and GaInSb Alloys

“…The use of an alternating magnetic field located in the vicinity of the solid-liquid interface [3], of an internal baffle moving at a constant distance from the interface [4] or the double crucible Czochralski technique [5] have been proposed with the aim of preserving the characteristic of the liquid (concentration, temperature) in a thin layer close to the Solid/Liquid interface, allowing to improve the materials homogeneity. With these methods, most of the melt is used as a feed for the thin liquid layer and a special design is required to limit the interactions between the thin layer and the remaining melt [6].…”

Comparison between vertical Bridgman and feeding techniques for GaInSb alloy growths

“…The major problem to face in this case, is the large gap between the solid and liquid lines of the pseudo-binary phase diagram, which leads to segregation and constitutional supercooling. To overcome intrinsic segregation problems, numerous method have been developed, mainly based on modification of the Czochralsky set-up [1][2][3][4]. In the case of Bridgman technique, the most successful methods have focused on the introduction of a submerged baffle with or without heating in the melt [5,6].…”