The Sonocatalytic Activation of Persulfates on Iron Nanoparticle Decorated Zeolite for the Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane in Aquatic Environments

Abstract

In the chemical industry, 1,4-diethylene dioxide, commonly called dioxane, is widely used as a solvent as well as a stabilizing agent for chlorinated solvents. Due to its high miscibility, dioxane is a ubiquitous water contaminant. This study investigates the effectiveness of catalyst- and ultrasound (US)-assisted persulfate (PS) activation with regard to degrading dioxane. As a first step, a composite catalyst was prepared using zeolite. A sonochemical dispersion and reduction method was used to dope zeolite with iron nanoparticles (FeNP/Z). In the subsequent study, the reaction kinetics of dioxane degradation following the single-stage and two-stage addition of PS was examined in the presence of a catalyst. Using GC-MS analysis, intermediate compounds formed from dioxane degradation were identified, and plausible reaction pathways were described. Upon 120 min of sonication in the presence of a catalyst with a two-stage injection of PS, 95% 100 mg/L dioxane was degraded. Finally, the estimated cost of treatment is also reported in this study. Sonolytically activated PS combined with a FeNP/Z catalyst synergizes the remediation of biorefractory micropollutants such as dioxane.

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“…Moreover, studies have shown that the addition of metal oxides to the support materials will slightly shift the peaks in the matrix without affecting the support structure. 32 FTIR analysis of a metal oxide-doped clay catalysts FTIR spectra of metal oxide-supported clay catalysts is shown in Fig. 4 in which the spectrum showed transmittance peaks at 3850-3671 cm −1 corresponding to the stretching vibrations of adsorbed hydroxyl groups and the exchangeable cations.…”

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