2013
DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0b013e31829a573e
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The Sonographic Appearance of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Diseases and Their Histopathology Correlate

Abstract: The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body. It functions as a regulator of metabolism. Diseases involving the thyroid range from benign to malignant and can be associated with major morbidity and mortality. Ultrasound (US) imaging of the thyroid gland is prompted because of a palpable mass on clinical examination; abnormality of thyroid function tests; incidental finding on other imaging modalities, that is, nuclear scintigraphy or computed tomography scan; screening for patient… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…In this study, the imaging of benign thyroid nodules shows that the contrast agent enters the lesions and peaks earlier or synchronically compared with the surrounding tissue, whereas its subsidence occurs more slowly or synchronically compared with the surrounding normal tissue. Furthermore, benign thyroid nodules characteristically exhibit even internal echo, clear boundaries, and annular, even and high enhancement (1315,17,18); by contrast, malignant nodules display ‘slow access and quick subsidence’, early low enhancement (1315,1719), non-homogeneous distribution of the contrast agent to the center and the periphery, as well as unclear boundaries. Analysis of the differences between benign and malignant nodules on contrast imaging shows that they are mainly associated with the growth pattern of the nodules.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this study, the imaging of benign thyroid nodules shows that the contrast agent enters the lesions and peaks earlier or synchronically compared with the surrounding tissue, whereas its subsidence occurs more slowly or synchronically compared with the surrounding normal tissue. Furthermore, benign thyroid nodules characteristically exhibit even internal echo, clear boundaries, and annular, even and high enhancement (1315,17,18); by contrast, malignant nodules display ‘slow access and quick subsidence’, early low enhancement (1315,1719), non-homogeneous distribution of the contrast agent to the center and the periphery, as well as unclear boundaries. Analysis of the differences between benign and malignant nodules on contrast imaging shows that they are mainly associated with the growth pattern of the nodules.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in North America and is far more common in women than in men, with a ratio of 20:1; it is generally seen in women between the ages of 45 and 65 years ( Oyedeji, Giampoli, Ginat, & Dogra, 2013 ). Hashimoto thyroiditis is a chronic autoimmune phenomenon confirmed by elevated antithyroperoxidase (TPO antibody) levels in serum.…”
Section: Hypothyroidismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thyroid nodules are common and are detected on clinical examination in 4% to 8% of adults, by ultrasonography in up to 70%, and in 50% of autopsies ( Oyedeji et al, 2013 ; Hambleton & Kandil, 2013 ). Incidental thyroid nodules have an estimated risk of malignancy of approximately 5% ( Boeckmann, Bartel, Siegel, Bodenner, & Stack, 2012 ).…”
Section: Goiter/nodulesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The boundary status of thyroid nodules has been one of the important ultrasound features in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer [3][4][5]. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the resolution of ultrasonography, the detection rate of malignant thyroid nodules with abnormal hyperechoic halo has increased significantly.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%