The sooty moulds

Chomnunti, Putarak; Hongsanan, Sinang; Aguirre-Hudson, Begoña; Tian, Qing; Peršoh, Derek; Dhami, Manpreet K.; Alias, Aisyah S.; Xu, Jianchu; Liu, Xingzhong; Stadler, Marc; Hyde, Kevin D.

doi:10.1007/s13225-014-0278-5

Cited by 427 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…This is a major difference from sooty mould fungi that colonise only the surface of plants and grow on honeydew from insects (Chomnunti et al 2014;Crous et al 2009;Hughes 1976). Therefore, reference to the black mould on the stems and branches of baobab as "sooty mould" should be avoided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term "sooty mould" refers to fungi that grow on the exudates of insects living on plants, but are also able to grow without these exudates (Chomnunti et al 2014;Hughes 1976). These fungi do not penetrate through the epidermis of the host plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fungi do not penetrate through the epidermis of the host plants. In extreme cases, the extensive growth of the fungi on leaves can reduce the photosynthetic ability of the plants, but the fungi do not have a direct interaction with the plant cells that would lead to a physiological response from the plants (Chomnunti et al 2014;Hughes 1976). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, not all fungi involved in sooty mould complexes reside in this order. For example, Aureobasidium pullulans (Dothideales) often forms part of sooty mould complexes (Chomnunti et al 2014;Hughes 1976;Mirzwa-Mróz and Winska-Krysiak 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungi associated with black mould on baobab trees in southern Africa

Cruywagen

Crous

Roux

et al. 2015

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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There have been numerous reports in the scientific and popular literature suggesting that African baobab (Adansonia digitata) trees are dying, with symptoms including a black mould on their bark. The aim of this study was to determine the identity of the fungi causing this black mould and to consider whether they might be affecting the health of trees. The fungi were identified by sequencing directly from mycelium on the infected tissue as well as from cultures on agar. Sequence data for the ITS region of the rDNA resulted in the identification of four fungi including Aureobasidium pullulans, Toxicocladosporium irritans and a new species of Rachicladosporium described here as Rachicladosporium africanum. A single isolate of an unknown Cladosporium sp. was also found. These fungi, referred to here as black mould, are not true sooty mould fungi and they were shown to penetrate below the bark of infected tissue, causing a distinct host reaction. Although infections can lead to dieback of small twigs on severely infected branches, the mould was not found to kill trees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fungi associated with black mould on baobab trees in southern Africa

Cruywagen

Crous

Roux

et al. 2015

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…Malt extract agar (MEA) was used for single spore isolation following the method described in Chomnunti et al (2014). Single spore isolation from sexual morph and asexual morph were located under the stereomicroscope, aseptically transferred to MEA plates after spores/conidia germinating and incubated at room temperature for 6 weeks.…”

Section: Description Of Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The holomorph of Parasarcopodium (Stachybotryaceae), introducing P. pandanicola sp. nov. on Pandanus sp.

et al. 2016

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Collections of microfungi on Pandanus species (Pandanaceae) in Krabi, Thailand resulted in the discovery of a new species in the genus Parasarcopodium, producing both its sexual and asexual morphs. In this paper, we introduce P. pandanicola sp. nov., with an illustrated account. Evidence for the new species is provided by distinct morphology and phylogenetic analyses. This is also the first report of the sexual morph of Parasarcopodium. The phylogenetic trees used Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined LSU, SSU, TEF1 and RPB2 sequence data to show the placement of the new species in Stachybotryaceae.

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Sooty molds from the Jurassic of Patagonia, Argentina

Nunes

Massini

Escapa

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise The sooty molds are a globally distributed ecological group of ascomycetes with epiphyllous, saprotrophic habit, comprising several phylogenetically distant taxa (i.e., members of the classes Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes). Their fossil record extends almost continuously back to the early Cretaceous; however, they are hypothesized to have originated in the early Mesozoic. Here, we describe new specimens of sooty molds associated with conifer leaves from Jurassic hot spring deposits of Patagonia, Argentina. Methods Thin sections of chert samples from the La Matilde Formation, Deseado Massif (Santa Cruz, Argentina) were observed using light microscopy. Results The fungi occur on the surface and axils of leafy twigs with podocarpaceous affinities, forming dense subicula comprised by opaque moniliform hyphae. Additionally, several asexual and sexual reproductive structures are observed. On the basis of vegetative (i.e., dense subicula composed of moniliform hyphae; hyphae composed of opaque cells deeply constricted at the septa) and reproductive characters (i.e., poroconidial and sympodioconidial asexual stages and diverse spores), two morphotypes were identified with affinities within lineages of the subphylum Pezizomycotina that encompass the ecological group of sooty molds, and a third morphotype was within the phylum Ascomycota. Conclusions This finding extends the fossil record of sooty molds to the Jurassic and their geographic fossil range to the South American continent. In particular, their association with podocarpaceous conifers is shown to be ancient, dating back to the Jurassic. This new record provides an additional reference point on the diversity of interactions that characterized Jurassic forests in Patagonia.

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The sooty moulds

Cited by 427 publications

References 118 publications

Fungi associated with black mould on baobab trees in southern Africa

Fungi associated with black mould on baobab trees in southern Africa

The holomorph of Parasarcopodium (Stachybotryaceae), introducing P. pandanicola sp. nov. on Pandanus sp.

Sooty molds from the Jurassic of Patagonia, Argentina

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