The sorghum epicuticular wax locus <i>Bloomless2</i> reduces plant damage in P898012 caused by the sugarcane aphid

Harris‐Shultz, Karen; Punnuri, Somashekhar; Knoll, J.; Ni, Xinzhi; Wang, Hongliang

doi:10.1002/agg2.20008

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In one example of monogenic constitutive antixenosis, sorghum aphid ( Melanaphis sorghi ; Theobald, 1904) feeding preference was affected in choice‐assays by a bloomless gene knockout, which lacked cuticular wax while reproduction in no‐choice assays did not (Cardona et al., 2022). This trait may be background dependent as a consistent effect on aphid damage was not observed across several different mutant genotypes (Harris‐Shultz et al., 2019). A contrasting example of HPR is the monogenic induced antibiosis phenotype of the cloned Mi‐1 and Vat genes encoding nucleotide binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) receptors (Dogimont et al., 2014; Nombela et al., 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globally deployed sorghum aphid resistance gene RMES1 is vulnerable to biotype shifts but is bolstered by RMES2

VanGessel,

Rice,

Felderhoff

et al. 2024

The Plant Genome

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Durable host plant resistance (HPR) to insect pests is critical for sustainable agriculture. Natural variation exists for aphid HPR in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), but the genetic architecture and phenotype have not been clarified and characterized for most sources. In order to assess the current threat of a sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sorghi) biotype shift, we characterized the phenotype of Resistance to Melanaphis sorghi 1 (RMES1) and additional HPR architecture in globally admixed populations selected under severe sorghum aphid infestation in Haiti. We found RMES1 reduces sorghum aphid fecundity but not bird cherry‐oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) fecundity, suggesting a discriminant HPR response typical of gene‐for‐gene interaction. A second resistant gene, Resistance to Melanaphis sorghi 2 (RMES2), was more frequent than RMES1 resistant alleles in landraces and historic breeding lines. RMES2 contributes early and mid‐season aphid resistance in a segregating F2 population; however, RMES1 was only significant with mid‐season fitness. In a fixed population with high sorghum aphid resistance, RMES1 and RMES2 were selected for demonstrating a lack of severe antagonistic pleiotropy. Associations with resistance colocated with cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis genes support additional HPR sources. Globally, therefore, an HPR source vulnerable to biotype shift via selection pressure (RMES1) is bolstered by a second common source of resistance in breeding programs (RMES2), which may be staving off a biotype shift and is critical for sustainable sorghum production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globally deployed sorghum aphid resistance gene RMES1 is vulnerable to biotype shifts but is bolstered by RMES2

VanGessel,

Rice,

Felderhoff

et al. 2024

The Plant Genome

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“…We found that several beneficial insect species collect sorghum pollen and that sorghum heavily infested by SA greatly increases the abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera. We conducted two studies to (1) identify insects that collect or consume sorghum pollen and determine if the plant height, panicle length and rating date influenced insect [20] and PI 257599 is a sweet, late maturing tall line [21,22] and the F 4 lines were segregating for a large number of traits including plant height, panicle length, and flowering time. The test was planted on a 0.79 ha field, flanked by 149 plots of a (N109A × PI 257599) F 4 population for advancement and only these 149 plots were sprayed with the insecticide Sivanto ® (17.09% flupyradifurone; Bayer Crop Science, Whippany, NJ, USA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Feeding on Sorghum bicolor Pollen and Hymenoptera Attraction to Aphid-Produced Honeydew

Harris‐Shultz

Armstrong²,

Caballero

et al. 2022

Insects

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Pollinators are declining globally, potentially reducing both human food supply and plant diversity. To support pollinator populations, planting of nectar-rich plants with different flowering seasons is encouraged while promoting wind-pollinated plants, including grasses, is rarely recommended. However, many bees and other pollinators collect pollen from grasses which is used as a protein source. In addition to pollen, Hymenoptera may also collect honeydew from plants infested with aphids. In this study, insects consuming or collecting pollen from sweet sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, were recorded while pan traps and yellow sticky card surveys were placed in grain sorghum fields and in areas with Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense to assess the Hymenoptera response to honeydew excreted by the sorghum aphid (SA), Melanaphis sorghi. Five genera of insects, including bees, hoverflies, and earwigs, were observed feeding on pollen in sweet sorghum, with differences observed by date, but not plant height or panicle length. Nearly 2000 Hymenoptera belonging to 29 families were collected from grain sorghum with 84% associated with aphid infestations. About 4 times as many Hymenoptera were collected in SA infested sorghum with significantly more ants, halictid bees, scelionid, sphecid, encyrtid, mymarid, diapriid and braconid wasps were found in infested sorghum plots. In Johnsongrass plots, 20 times more Hymenoptera were collected from infested plots. Together, the data suggest that sorghum is serving as a pollen food source for hoverflies, earwigs, and bees and sorghum susceptible to SA could provide energy from honeydew. Future research should examine whether planting strips of susceptible sorghum at crop field edges would benefit Hymenoptera and pollinators.

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Invasive sorghum aphid: A decade of research on deciphering plant resistance mechanisms and novel approaches in breeding for sorghum resistance to aphids

Thudi,

Reddy,

Naik

et al. 2024

Crop Science

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During the last decade, the sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sorghi), previously identified as sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari), became a serious pest of sorghum, spreading to all sorghum‐producing regions in the United States, Mexico, and South America, where crop losses of 50%–100% have been reported. Developing sorghum cultivars with resistance to this insect is the most sustainable strategy for long‐term pest management. To design cultivars with aphid resistance, comprehensively understanding the mechanisms underlying aphid survival, host plant resistance, and aphid–sorghum interactions is critical. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive efforts to characterize the aphid populations as well as their interaction with sorghum plants via hormonal pathways that trigger various genes including leucine rich repeats, WRKY transcription factors, lipoxygenases, calmodulins, and others. We discuss efforts made during the last decade to identify specific genomic regions and candidate genes that confer aphid resistance, as well as describe recent successes and potential challenges in breeding for aphid resistance. Furthermore, we discuss the use of disruptive technologies like high‐throughput phenotyping, artificial intelligence, or machine learning for developing aphid resistant sorghum cultivars. Integration of these new technologies has the potential to accelerate the development and design of novel traits that confer durable aphid resistance in new sorghum cultivars to defend sorghum against new aphid genotype development.

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The sorghum epicuticular wax locus Bloomless2 reduces plant damage in P898012 caused by the sugarcane aphid

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Globally deployed sorghum aphid resistance gene RMES1 is vulnerable to biotype shifts but is bolstered by RMES2

Globally deployed sorghum aphid resistance gene RMES1 is vulnerable to biotype shifts but is bolstered by RMES2

Insect Feeding on Sorghum bicolor Pollen and Hymenoptera Attraction to Aphid-Produced Honeydew

Invasive sorghum aphid: A decade of research on deciphering plant resistance mechanisms and novel approaches in breeding for sorghum resistance to aphids

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